Term
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Definition
| Searches over large distance in short time (vultures/hawks). |
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Term
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Definition
| Moderate search disance with pauses in search (American Robin). |
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Term
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Definition
| Long waiting period and small search distance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Predator and prey continually evolve to gain advantages over eachother. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most effective against cruiser search strategy (impala). |
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Term
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Definition
| Most effective against cruiser/saltatory search strategy (helmeted iguana). |
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Term
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Definition
| Most effective against ambush search strategy (elephants). |
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Term
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Definition
| Wolves reintroduced to Greater Yellowstone ecosystem to check herbivore population. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fur seals (1700-1800s), cod (early 1900s), whales (mid-1900s), krill (today). |
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Term
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Definition
| Public resources will be exploited faster than they can be replaced. |
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Term
| Maximized Sustainable Yield |
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Definition
| Harvesting at a replacement rate to sustain population. |
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Term
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Definition
| Predator strategies are not 100% effective, some prey are allowed to escape. Prey strategies are not 100%, some prey are allowed to be captured. |
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Term
| Repoductively Based Social Organization |
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Definition
| Male-female or parent-offspring. |
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Term
| Resource Based Social Organization |
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Definition
| Territoriality or dominance hierarchies. Involve aggressive/agonistic behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| Social groups (intrinsically social at all times) and aggregations (temporary association in response to resource abundance). |
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Term
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Definition
| The genetic contribution of an individual's descendants to future generations of a population. |
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Term
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Definition
| Individuals fitness + fitness of relatives, weighted by degree of relatedness. |
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Term
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Definition
| Differential reproduction among lineages of closely related individuals. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organism incurs a cost in fitness in order to benefit a recipient (occurs most frequently between relatives). |
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Term
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Definition
| Altruistic behavior with expectation of future repayment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Actor and recipient are both impacted negatively. |
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Term
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Definition
| Both actor and recipient benefit. |
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Term
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Definition
| Actor benefits at the cost of recipient. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any defended area (Nobel 1939). |
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Term
| Theory of Economic Defense |
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Definition
| Area defended if benefit to reproductive fitness outweighs energy costs (Brown 1964). |
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Term
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Definition
| Based on resource dispersion, number of intruders, number of neighbors, and familiarity of neighbors. |
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Term
| Dominance Hierarchy (Pecking Order) |
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Definition
| Develops when resources are not defendable; dominant organism gets exclusive resource use (maintained with agonistic behaviors). |
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Term
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Definition
| Based on size, strength, age (experience), luck, and coloration. |
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Term
| Social Organization Plasticity |
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Definition
| Organisms can switch between territoriality and dominance hierarchy (sheepshead minnow). |
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Term
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Definition
| Faster location of resources, greater protection from predators. |
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Term
| Group Protection from Predators |
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Definition
| Heightened vigilance for predators, dilution effect, "selfish herd" effect (Hamilton), and group defense (zebra). |
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Term
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Definition
| Development of castes (hymenoptera/naked mole rats). |
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