Term
| Which biome occurs within 10degree lat. of the equator? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which biome has little temperature variation between months with an annual evenly distributed rainfall of 2,000-4,000 mm? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which biome has a thing organic soil layer which nutrients quickly leach out of? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which biome has a vertical dimmenstion (ie. epiphytes) to its ecology? (2) |
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Definition
| Tropical and temperate rainforests |
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Term
| Which biome occurs between 10-25degrees latitude? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which biome occurs immediately N/S of dry forests? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which biome alternates between wet and dry season with the dry seasons being associated with droughts and wildfires? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which biome has soils with low water permeability which keep trees out? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which biome forms two major bands at 30 degrees N and S? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which biome occupies about 20% of the earth's land surface? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which biome's water loss exceeds its precipitation most of the year? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which biome has soil extremely low in organic matter? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which biome occurs on all continents except Antarctica? |
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Definition
| Temperate Woodland/Shrubland |
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Term
| Which biome is cool and moist in the fall, winter, and spring, but can be hot and dry in the summer? |
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Definition
| Temperate Woodland/shrubland |
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Term
| Which biome has fragile soils with moderate fertility? |
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Definition
| Temperate Woodland/Shrubland |
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Term
| Which biome receives an anual rainfall of 300-1,000mm with periodic droughts? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which biome has soils which tend to be extrememly rich in nutrients and very deep? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which biome lies between 40 and 50 degrees? |
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Definition
| Temperate Deciduous Forest |
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Term
| Which biome receives at anual rainfall of 650-3,000mm? |
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Definition
| Temperate Deciduous Forest |
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Term
| Which biome is confined to the N hemisphere? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which biome has short summers with winters longer than six months? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which biome receives rainfall between 200-600mm anually. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which biome covers most of the land N of the Arctic Circle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which biome's climate is typically cool and dry with short summers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Rivers and streams are divided into? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ______ the stream is to the source of the water flow, the smaller its order number. |
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Definition
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Term
| As other streams flow into an original headwater stream, the order number ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when streams of equal order come together? |
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Definition
| the order increases by a factor of one |
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Term
| When a lesser order number stream flows into a stream with a greater order number what happens? |
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Definition
| the order number does not change |
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Term
| HOw many factors determine the biotic composition of a stream? |
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Definition
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Term
| What the six physical factors which determine the biotic composition in a stream? |
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Definition
1. the flow along its length
2. the flow along its width
3. the vertical channel
4. light
5. temperature and oxygen
6. movement |
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Term
| How does a river flow along its length? |
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Definition
| pools, runs, riffles, rapids |
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Term
| Whare the three parts of a rivers width? |
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Definition
| wetted channel, active channel, and riparian zone |
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Term
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Definition
| the area where there is water all of the time, even during low conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| where water typically runs, but may be dry at times throughout the year |
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Term
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Definition
| the transition area between the stream/river and upland area |
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Term
| What are the vertical layers of the stream channel? |
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Definition
| Surface, water column, hyporheic zone, phreatic zone |
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Term
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Definition
| bottom of the channel, below the surface where water still flows |
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Term
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Definition
| Transition area between the benthic region and the groundwater |
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Term
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Definition
| the area containing the groundwater |
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Term
| How does light effect life in a stream? |
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Definition
| affects photosynthetic activity |
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Term
| The amount of photosynthetic activity occuring in a river/stream system ______ as the width of the river/stream ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| As temp. _________ oxygen ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| what do O content and temp determine? |
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Definition
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Term
| O is related to what else other than temp. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does movement in a stream do? |
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Definition
| delivers food downstream, removes wastes, renews oxygen, affects size and behavior of organisms. |
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Term
| What factors affect discharge? |
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Definition
| land use in the watershed, antecedent conditions, slope and shape and aspect, soil type and depth of soil, geologic substrate, amount and intensity and duration of precipitation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of time from the precipitation event to the time the river/stream is impacted by that event. |
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Term
| Streams in forested biomes tent to have a ________ hydrograph. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the role of canopy in hydrography? |
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Definition
| a buffer. It intercepts some of the errosive power of rain |
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Term
| How does leaf litter contribute to a forested hydrography? |
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Definition
| Acts as a sponge and storage area for water |
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Term
| How do forested soils contribute to contribute to a flattened hydrograph? |
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Definition
| porous, decaryed tree roots, earthworm and other invertebrate activity create macropores leading to high infiltration and percolation rates |
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Term
| Streams in urban areas tend to have ________ hydrographs of shorter duration. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some characteristics of the hydrographs of urban areas? |
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Definition
| decreased lag time from precipitation even to peak runoff, increased peak flow substantially, decreased duration of runoff even, decreased baseflow, total discharge increase, majority of dischard derived from overland flow |
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Term
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Definition
| Coarse particulate organic matter |
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Term
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Definition
| Fine particulate organic matter |
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Term
| What is the major source of energy in medium sized streams? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the primary species of the benthic community in medium headwater streams? |
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Definition
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Term
| Horizontal Structure of lakes: |
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Definition
| Littoral zone, limnetic zone |
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Term
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Definition
| area where plants are able to grow |
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Term
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Definition
| open water, depth great than at which plants can grow |
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Term
| Vertical structure of a lake: |
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Definition
| Epilimnion, metalimnion, hypolimnion |
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Term
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Definition
| surface waters, sunlight penetrates and warms the water |
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Term
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Definition
| the zone where temperature and other physical and chemical factors chage rapidly with depth |
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Term
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Definition
| coldest, darkest, low O waters, very little change throughout the year |
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Term
| The amount of light absorbed by the lake is _________ related to the amount of __________ in the lake. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between natural and cultural eutrophication? |
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Definition
| one is driven by human actvities and occurs rapidly |
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Term
| When does overturn occur? time of year |
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Definition
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Term
| What temperature does overturn occur at? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which wetlands are an open system? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you know it's a wetland? (3 things) |
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Definition
| soils, hydrologic regime, hydrophytic plants |
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Term
| Microclimates occur within? |
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Definition
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Term
| A macroclimate is a ______ or _______? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do microclimates have variations in? (3) |
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Definition
1. temp
2. precip.
3. humidity |
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Term
| Microclimates are found in relation to? (6) |
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Definition
1. altitude
2. aspect
3. aquatic environs = depth
4. boulders and burrows
5. color of ground
6. vegetation |
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Term
| As altitude ________, temperature __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does temp decrease as altitude increases? |
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Definition
| loss of heat to surrounding air, less atmosphere to trap and radiate heat |
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Term
| What do most living thing use microclimates for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are cretical temperature ranges a function of? What do they control? |
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Definition
| Enzyme production and function in living organisms |
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Term
| What is thermoregulation? |
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Definition
| The ability of plants and animals to regulat their bodies |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
ALPHATBET SOUP: what do the following letters stand for in the thermoregulation equation
s, met, cond, conv, SR, IR, e |
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Definition
| total stored heat, metabolic heat, conduction, convection, solar radiation, infrared radiation, evaporation |
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Term
| In the thermoregulation equation what is different for the endotherms. |
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Definition
| Heat of metabolism is included |
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Term
| Hcond uses what to regulate temp. |
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Definition
| substrate to conduct heat to body |
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Term
| Hconv uses what to regulate temp. |
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Definition
| positioning the body to reduce the rate of convection due to wind or air |
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Term
| What is responsible for the majority of heat regulation in endotherms? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the zone of temperature in which excess heating or cooling of the organism is not required for normal physical operation |
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Term
| What are poiliothermic endotherms? |
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Definition
| living organisms which would be generally considered cold-blooded, but have the ability to maintain bodily temperature via metabolic functions |
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Term
| How do desert plants thermoregulate? |
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Definition
| light colored leaves, small in size, well away from ground |
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Term
| how do artic plants thermoregulate? |
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Definition
| dark colored leaves, close to the ground, broad leaves |
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Term
| What are ways ecotherms regulate heat? |
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Definition
| shunt heat to surface blood vessels to release, shunt blood internall to retain heat, basking |
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Term
| What are ways endotherm regulate heart |
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Definition
| sweat, shiver, shunt heat to external appendages, countercurrent heat exchange |
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Term
| Which MI species hibernate? |
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Definition
| woodchuck, LB bat, 13-lined ground squirrel, jumping mouse |
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Term
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Definition
| Periods of sleep and inactivity followed by periods of activity and feeding. |
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Term
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Definition
| body shuts down and temp drops close to critcal limit. does not become active until body temp rises to level wehre enzymews can again allow activity |
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