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1.Demonstrated the inheritance of traits by cross-breeding peas
2.Father of Genetics |
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| 1. Studied egg and sperm formation in roundworms and discovered sex cells only half # of chromosomes |
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1.Thought animals weren't like plants
2.Discovered sex-linked genes |
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| Her X-ray diffraction images of DNA led to the discovery of DNA’s double helix |
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1.Discovered DNA was designed so that it was easy to unzip and replicate itself
2.DNA was a sequence of bases; the recipe for different organism's development |
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| Discovered the genetic code- the idea that 3 bases code for 3 amino acids that code for proteins |
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1.A gene can exist in more than one form
2.Organisms inherit two alleles per trait
3.When gametes form, they only have one allele per trait |
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| Principle of Independent Assortment |
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| Allele pairs separate independently during gamete formation; except for linked genes |
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1.Autosomal recessive disorder
2.Faulty gene for protein CFTR
3. Causes thick mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive tract |
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1.Autosomal recessive disorder
2.Faulty gene on chromosome 15
3.Causes relentless deterioration of mental and physical abilities until an early death |
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1.Autosomal recessive disorder
2.Mutation in the gene for hepatic enzyme PAH causing the toxin phenylpyruvate to build up
3.Can lead to brain damage, seizures, and mental retardation
4.It was the largest cause of retardation until discovered
5.All kids are tested at birth; If found they're placed on a special diet void of phenylalanine |
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1.Autosomal recessive disorder
2.Mutation gene for an enzyme involved with melanin production
3.Causes complete or partial absence of pigment in skin, hair, and eyes |
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1.Autosomal dominant disorder
2.Mutated gene for FGR3 causes abnormality of cartilage formation
3.Heterozygous= Dwarfism
4.Homozygous= Early death |
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1.Autosomal dominant disorder
2.Mutated Huntingtin gene causing a CAG part of DNA to repeat more than itself
3.Causes nerve cells to waste away or degenerate in parts of the brain |
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1.Incomplete Dominance Disorder
2.Mutated gene for LDL receptors
3.Causes high levels of cholesterol in blood |
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1.Mutated hemoglobin gene
2.Causes RBCs to develop a sickle shape which tend to block blood vessels
3.If you're a carrier, you're immune to malaria |
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| When there are 3 or more forms of a gene; ex: blood type |
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| A trait controlled by 2 or more genes at different loci; ex:IQ or height |
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| When one or more genes effects the expression another gene; ex: eye color |
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| When a single gene influences multiple phenotypic traits; ex: sickle-cell anemia or phenylketonuria |
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| Genes that are inherited together with other genes; Ex: tongue-rolling |
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| phenotypic expression of an allele related to sex of an individual: ex: color blindness, Duchennes MS, and hemophilia |
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| When one of the two X chromosomes is inactive |
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| When a mutation causes a set of 3 nucleotide repeats in certain genes |
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| a strand of DNA(plus proteins) that contains genetic info |
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| Chromosome when the cell isn't dividing |
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| Replicated chromosomes while it's still attached to the other copy |
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| Point where the chromatids are attached |
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| Protein that connects to the centromere to allow spindle fibers to attach there |
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| A type of asexual reproduction, common in prokaryotes, where a cell divides into two cells, each having the potential to grow to the size of the original cell |
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| Eukaryotic cell division resulting in two cells identical to the parent nucleus |
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| A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells each resulting each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell |
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| The structure that separates the chromosomes in two during cell division |
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| The division of the cytoplasm and cell membrane into two cells |
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