Term
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Definition
| heritable traits that allow individuals to survive and reproduce in a certain environment better than individuals that lack those traits |
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Definition
| compromises between traits |
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Term
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Definition
(acclimation)
phenotypic change in an individual in response to short-term changes in environment |
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Term
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Definition
| volume increases much faster than surface area |
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Term
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Definition
| overall rate of energy consumption by an individual |
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Term
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Definition
| rate at which an animal consumes oxygen while at rest |
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Term
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Definition
| thin sheets of epithelial cells that provide gills with an extremely high surface area relative to their volume |
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Term
| adaptations that increase surface area |
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Definition
flattening
folding
branching |
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Term
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Definition
| stability in chemical and physical conditions within an animal's cells, tissues, and organs |
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Term
| approaches to homeostasis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| normal or target value for controlled variable |
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Term
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Definition
| structure that senses some aspect of external or internal environment |
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Term
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Definition
| evaluates incoming sensory information and decides whether a response is necessary to achieve homeostasis |
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Term
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Definition
| any structure that helps restore desired internal condition |
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Term
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Definition
| direct transfer of heat between two physical bodies that are in contact with each other |
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Term
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Definition
| conduction in which heat is transferred between two different states |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of heat between two bodies that are not in direct physical contact |
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Term
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Definition
| phase change from liquid to gas- only leads to heat loss |
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Term
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Definition
| produces adequate heat to warm its own tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| relies principally on heat gained from environment |
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Term
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Definition
| keep their body temperature constant |
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Term
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Definition
| allow their body temperature to rise or fall depending on environmental conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| study of how organisms interact with their environment |
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Term
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Definition
| group of individuals of same species that live in same area at same time |
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Term
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Definition
| species that interact with each other within a particular area |
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Term
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Definition
| all organisms in a particular region along with abiotic components |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| total amount of carbon fixed by photosynthesis per year |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of shallow waters along shore, where flowering plants are rooted |
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Term
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Definition
| offshore and comprises water that receives enough light to support photosynthesis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| shallow-water habitats where soil is saturated with water for at least part of year |
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Term
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Definition
| develop in depressions where water flow is low or nonexistent |
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Term
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Definition
| lack trees and typically feature grasses, reeds, or other non woody plants |
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Term
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Definition
| dominated by trees and shrubs |
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Term
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Definition
| form where rivers meet ocean, fresh water mixes with salt water |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of a rocky, sandy, or muddy beach that is exposed to air at low tide but submerged at high tide |
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Term
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Definition
| extends from intertidal zone to depths of about 200m, outermost edge is defined by end of continental shelf |
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Term
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Definition
| deepwater region beyond continental shelf |
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Term
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Definition
| major groupings of plant and animal communities defined by a dominant vegetation type |
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Term
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Definition
| prevailing, long-term weather conditions found in area |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of specific short-term atmospheric conditions of temperature, precipitation, sunlight, and wind |
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Definition
| dry area on inland side of mountains that receive dry air |
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Term
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Definition
| study of how organisms are distributed geographically |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of an individual from its place of origin to location where it lives and breeds as an adult |
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Term
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Definition
| separates species with Asian and Australian affinities |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| exotic species that spreads rapidly and eliminates native species |
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Term
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Definition
| explains how actions occur in terms of neurological, hormonal, and skeletal-muscular mechanisms involved |
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Term
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Definition
| explains why actions occur based on their evolutionary consequences and history |
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Term
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Definition
inherited and shows little variation based on learning or individual's condition
ex: FAPs |
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Term
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Definition
| animals appear to weigh costs and benefits of responding to a particular situation in various ways |
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Term
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Definition
| animals maximize their feeding efficiency |
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Term
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Definition
| any process in which a signal from one individual modifies behavior of a recipient individual |
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Term
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Definition
| any information-containing behavior or characteristic |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior that has a fitness cost to individual exhibiting behavior and a fitness benefit to recipient of behavior |
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Term
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Definition
direct fitness is derived from an individual's own offspring
indirect fitness is derived from helping relatives produce more offspring than they could produce on their own |
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Term
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Definition
| natural selection that acts through benefits to relatives |
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Term
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Definition
| an exchange of fitness benefits that are separated in time |
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