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| the scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment or surroundings |
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| contains the combined portions of the planet in which all of life exists |
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| a group ao individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area |
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| assemblages of different populations that live together in a defined area |
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| a collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place, together with their nonliving, or physical environment |
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| a group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities |
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| plants that capture energy from the sunlight or chemicals and use energy to create food |
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| autotrophs that make their own food |
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| process in which plants use light energy to power chemical reactions that convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and energy rich carbonhydrates such as sugars |
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| when organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates |
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| organisms that rely on othe rorganisms for their energy and food supply heterotrophs are allso consumers |
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| obtain energy by eating only plants |
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| eat both plants and animals |
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| feed on plant and animal remains and other dead matter |
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| breaks down organic matter |
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| series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten |
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| when the feeding relationships among the various organisms in an ecosystem form a network of complex interactions |
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| each step in a food chain or web |
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| diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy or matter contined with in each trophic level in a food chain or web |
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| total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level |
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| elements, chemical compounds and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another |
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| process by which water changes from liquid from to an atmosphere gas |
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| loss of water from a plant through its leaves |
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| all the chemical substances that an organism needs to sustain life |
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| bacteria which live in the soil and on the roots of plants called legumes, convert nitrogen gas into ammonia |
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| soil bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas |
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| an ecosystem which is the rate at which organic matter is created by producers of an ecosystem is the amount of available nutrients |
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| when an ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient is in short supply it will limit an organisms growth |
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| an immediate increase in the amount of algae and other producers that results from a large input of a limiting nutrient |
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