Term
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Definition
| a biological community plus all of the abiotic factors influencing that community |
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Definition
| a spatial transition from one type of ecosystem to another |
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Definition
| an organism that relies mainly on external sources of energy for regulating body temperature |
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Definition
| a term applied to populations or species that are found in a particular locality. |
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Definition
| an organism that relies mainly on internal sources of energy for regulating body temperature |
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Definition
| increasing the complexity of the environment of captive animals to foster behavior characteristic of the species in the wild. |
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Definition
| the warm, well-lighted surface layer of lakes |
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Term
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Definition
| the warm, well-lighted surface layer of the oceans |
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Definition
| a plant such as an orchid that grows on the surface of another plant but is not a parasite |
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Definition
| a dormant state that some animals enter during the summer |
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Definition
| the lowermist part of a river, which is under the influence of the tides and is a mixture of seawater and freshwater |
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Definition
| highly specialized sociality generally including 1) individuals of more than one generation living together 2) cooperative care of young 3) division of individuals into sterile, and reproductive castes |
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Definition
| a term applied to lakes and sometimes to other ecosystems with high nutrient content and high biological production. |
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Term
| exponential population growth |
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Definition
| population growth that produces a j-shaped pattern of pop. increase. (unlimited resources) |
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Definition
| the number of eggs or seeds produced by an organism |
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Term
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Definition
| a table of birthrates for females of different ages in the population |
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Term
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Definition
the number of offspring contrubyted by an individual relative to the number of offspring produced by other members of the population.
the relative genetic contribution tp future genereations |
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Definition
| herbaceous plants other than graminoids |
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Term
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Definition
| a coral reef that forms near the shore of an island or continent |
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Term
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Definition
| an increase in animal feeding rate that occurs in response to an increase in food availability |
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Term
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Definition
| change in gene frequencies in a population due to chance or random events |
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Term
| geometric population growth |
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Definition
| population growth in which generations do not overlap and in which successive generations differ in size by a constant ratio |
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Term
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Definition
| grasses and grasslike plants |
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Term
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Definition
| a large-scale, circular oceanic current that moves to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the left in the southern hemisphere |
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Definition
| the deepest parts of the oceans, below 6,000 meters |
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Definition
| the conditions under which helping kin should be favored by natural selection. |
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Term
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Definition
| sex inheritance in which males are haploid and females are diploid |
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Definition
| a heterotrophic organism that eats plants |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism that uses organic molecules both as a source of carbon and as a source of energy |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism that uses metabolic energy to maintain a relatively constant body temperature. (warm-blooded) |
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Term
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Definition
| the sun-driven cycle of water through the biosphere through evaporation, transpiration, condensation, precipitation, and runoff |
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Term
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Definition
| overall fitness, which is determined by the survial and reproduction of an individual, plus that of close relatives |
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Term
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Definition
| a heterptrophic organism that eats insects |
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Term
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Definition
| form of competition involving direct antagonistic interactions between individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| sexual selection occurring when members of one sex chose mates on the basis of some anatomical or behavioral trait. |
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Term
| interspecific competition |
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Definition
| competition between individuals of different species |
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Term
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Definition
| sexual selection in which individuals of one sex compete among themselves for mates |
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Term
| intraspecific competition |
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Definition
| competition between individuals of the same species |
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Term
| intrinsic rate of increase |
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Definition
| the maximum per capita rate of population increase |
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Term
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Definition
| the level of light intensity, often measured as a photon flux density |
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Term
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Definition
| a term describing organisms with body fluids containing the same concentration of water and solutes as the external environment |
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Term
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Definition
| all enzymes with the same biochemical function that are produced by different of the same loci |
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Definition
| reproduction that involves production of an organism's offspring in two or more events, generally spaced out over the lifetime of the organism. |
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Definition
| selection in which individuals increase their inclusive fitness by helping increase the survival and reproduction of relatives that are not offspring |
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Definition
| a term rferring to the carrying capacity of the logistic growth equation; a form of natural selection that favors more efficient utilization of resources such as food and nutrients. strongest when population is near carrying capacity much of the time |
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Term
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Definition
| phenomena of a geographic scale rather than a local scale |
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Term
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Definition
| the adaptation of an organism that influence aspects of its biology, such as the number of offspring in produces, its survival, and its size and age at the reproductive maturity |
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Term
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Definition
| a table of age-specific survival and death rates in a population |
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Definition
| the open lake beyond the littoral zone |
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Term
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Definition
| soils very low in organic matter and composed of rock fragments |
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Definition
| the shallowest water along a lake or ocean shore; where rooted aquatic plants may grow in lakes |
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Definition
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Term
| logistic population growth |
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Definition
| a pattern of growth that produces a sigmoidal population growth curve, in which the population size levels off at carrying capacity |
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Definition
| the prevailing climate for a region |
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Term
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Definition
| a forest of subtropical and tropical marine shores dominated by salt-tolerant woody plants |
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Term
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Definition
| a force resulting from water's tendency to adhere to walls of containers |
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Definition
| a middle depth some of the oceans, 200-1,000 meters |
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Term
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Definition
| energy released within an organism during the process of celluar respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| water released during oxidation of organic molecules |
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Definition
| a depth zone between epilimnion and hypolimnion characterized by rapid decreases in tempeature and increases in water density with depth. thermocline |
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Definition
| a group of subpopulations living in separate locations with active exchange of individuals among subpopulations |
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Term
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Definition
| a small-scale variation in climate caused by a distinctive substrate, location, or aspect |
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Term
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Definition
| comimicry among several species of noxious organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| a mutualistic association between fungi and the roots of plants |
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Term
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Definition
| a coastal zone of the oceans, extending to the margin of a continental shelf |
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Term
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Definition
| the average number of offspring produced by an individual in a population |
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Term
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Definition
| change in density of a predator population in response to increase prey density |
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Definition
| the open ocean beyond the continental shelf with water depths generally greater than 200 meters |
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Term
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Definition
| the most superficial soil layer containing substantial amounts of organic matter |
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Term
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Definition
| a term generally referring to lakes of low nutrient content, abundant oxygen, and low primary production |
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Term
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Definition
| heterotrophic organisms that eat animal and plant matter |
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Term
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Definition
| regulation of internal salt concentration and water using a variety of anatomical structures and physiological processes; an energy-consuming process. |
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Term
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Definition
| diffusion of water down its concentration gradient |
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Term
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Definition
| a term referring to maine life zones or organisms above the bottom |
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Term
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Definition
| a change in the state of matter such as from liquid to solid |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of the relationship between climate and the timing of ecological events such as the date of arrival of migratory birds |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical substance secreted by some animals for communication with other members of their species |
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Term
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Definition
| a term used to describe the tendency of some organisms to remain in the same area throughout their lives. |
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Term
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Definition
| the region below the hyporheic zone of a stream, contains groundwater |
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Term
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Definition
| a predator that eats fish |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms whose body temperature varies directly with environmental temperatures, (cold-blooded) |
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Term
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Definition
| the principle that if an organism allocates energy to one function, it reduces the amount of energy available to other functions |
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Term
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Definition
| organisms that live and thrice at temperatures below 20 degrees C |
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Term
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Definition
| the transfer of heat through electromagnetic radiation, infrared light |
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Term
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Definition
| a distribution in which individuals within a population have an equal chance or living anywhere within an area |
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Term
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Definition
| a distribution of individuals in a population in which individuals are uniformly spaced |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of the water content of the air relative to its content at saturation |
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Term
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Definition
| the allocation of energy, time, and other resources to the production and care of offspring |
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Term
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Definition
| light absorbing pigments found in the eyes of animals and in bacteria and archaea |
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Term
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Definition
| vegetation growth along rivers or streams |
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Term
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Definition
| the transition between the aquatic environment of a river or stream and the upland terrestrial environment, generally subject to periodic flooding and elevated groundwater table |
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Term
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Definition
| a term referring to the per capita rate of increase; a form of natural selection favoring higher population growth rate. strongest in disturbed habitats |
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Term
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Definition
| plants or animal that live in highly disturbed habitats and that may depend on disturbance to persist in the face of potential competition from other species |
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Term
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Definition
| a term applied to seeds gathered by mammals and stored in scattered caches or hoards |
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Term
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Definition
| reproduction that involves production of all on organism's offspring in one event, generally over a short period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| results from differences in reproductive rates among individuals as a result of differences in mating success due to intrasexual selection, intersexual selection, or a mixture of the two |
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Term
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Definition
| prey selection by predators based on prey size |
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Term
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Definition
| phenomena that take place on a local scale |
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Term
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Definition
| group living generally involving some degree of cooperation between individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| a branch of biology concerned with the study of social relations |
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Term
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Definition
| the slow movement of tundra soils down slopes as a result of annual freezing and thawing of surface soil and the actions of water and gravity |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden flooding of a stream |
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Term
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Definition
| a form of natural selection that acts against the extremes |
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Term
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Definition
| a population in which the proportions of individuals in each class is constant |
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Term
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Definition
| a life table constructed by recording that age at death of a large number of individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| the numerical classification of streams whereby they occur in a stream drainage network |
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Definition
| any strong negative environmental conditions that induce physiological responses |
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Term
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Definition
| plants that live under condition of high stress but low disturbance |
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Term
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Definition
| a range of environmental temperatures over which the metabolic rate of a homeothermic animal does not change |
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Term
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Definition
| a depth zone in a lake or ocean through which temperature change rapidly with depth |
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Term
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Definition
| a term applied to organisms that tolerate or require high-temperature environments |
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Term
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Definition
| a state of low metabolic rate and lowered body temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| effects of predation on prey that alter abundance, biomass, or productivity of a population, community, or trophic level across than one link in the food web |
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Term
| Type I survivorship curve |
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Definition
| a pattern of survivorship characterized in which there are high rates of survival among young and middle-aged individuals followed by high rate of mortality among the aged |
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Term
| Type II survivorship curve |
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Definition
| a pattern of survivorship characterized by the constant rates of survival throughout life |
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Term
| Type III survivorship curve |
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Definition
| a pattern of survivorship in which a period of extremely high rates of mortality among the young is followed by a relatively high rate of survival |
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Term
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Definition
| movements of deeper ocean water to the surface |
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Term
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Definition
| the difference between the actual water vapor pressure and the saturation water vapor pressure at a particular temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| pattern of separation of species into distinctive vertical habitats or zones |
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