Term
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Definition
-theory of personality
-the core motivator for the human personality is striving for superiority
-superiority is defined as striving to live a more perfect and complete life, which does not necessarily mean attainment of power, social distinction, or dominance
-striving to be superior is the natural reaction inescapable feelings of inferiority |
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Definition
| feelings of inferiority that arise from subjectively felt psychological or social weaknesses, or bodily impairments |
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| Masculine Protest vs. Sigmund's Penis Envy |
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Definition
Masculine Protest: typically a woman protesting against her feminine role, but males can experience it when they feel their masculinity is inferior and compensate by adopting hyper-masculine behaviors; idea that women were jealous and wanted men's role in society
Penis Envy: women were jealous of of men because they had penises |
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Term
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Definition
-a child's position in the family constellation
*component of social interest; a healthy person promotes social interest |
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Definition
| "a healthy person is one who always promotes social interest" |
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Term
| Criticisms of Adler's Psychodynamic Theory |
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Definition
*psychoanalytic thought it was one dimensional and naive
*behavioral thought it was too mythical, unobservable/measurable; too focuses on social interest
*contextual thought it didnt move far enough towards society; problems were still too client centered; sexist
*integrative thought it lacked systemic direction and evidence and too focused on social interest |
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Term
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Definition
- this perspective holds that we define ourselves by our choices; we are the ultimate author of our lives
-we are free and therefore have responsibility for the choices we make
-people seeking help are often leading a restricted existence = functioning with limited self-awareness |
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Term
| Who fathered the person centered approach? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-therapist is not an expert; the client is the one that will ultimately bring about change
-focused on self-healing, empowerment, wholeness, spontaneity and inner-directedness
-clients are able to change without a high degree of structure and direction from the therapist
-therapist must be GENUINE, warm, empathetic, and accepting of the client |
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Term
| Who founded the Gestalt Theory? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Fritz Pearls
-focused on the here and now-technique of exaggerating behaviors
-if you dont see behavior it doesnt occur
-change occurs naturally as awareness of "what is" increases |
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Term
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Definition
-Fritz Pearls
-focused on the here and now-technique of exaggerating behaviors
-if you dont see behavior it doesnt occur
-change occurs naturally as awareness of "what is" increases |
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Term
| Unconditioned Stimulus (US) |
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Definition
innate, such as fear
-A stimulus that evokes an unconditioned response. |
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Term
| Conditioned stimulus (CS) |
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Definition
paired with unconditioned stimulus
-A previously neutral stimulus that, after repeated association with an unconditioned stimulus, elicits the response effected by the unconditioned stimulus itself. |
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Term
| Unconditioned Response (UR) |
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Definition
innate, such as fight or flight
-A natural, usually unvarying response evoked by a stimulus in the absence of learning or conditioning |
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Term
| Conditioned Response (CR) |
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Definition
contingent upon US/CS pairing
-A new or modified response elicited by a stimulus after conditioning |
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Term
Classical Conditioning Example:
"Every time someone flushes a toilet in the apt. building, the shower becomes very hot and causes the person to jump back. Over time, the person begins to jump back automatically after hearing the flush, before the water temp. changes."
What are the US, CS, UR, and CR? |
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Definition
Unconditioned Stimuli = the hot water
Conditioned Stimuli = the toilet flush
Unconditioned Response = the jumping back
Conditioned Response = jumping back to the flush alone |
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Term
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Definition
-people are basically shaped both by learning and sociocultural environment
-focuses on observable behavior (if you dont see it, it doesnt occur)
-emphasizes current behavior opposed to historical antecedents
-reinforcement is a huge component |
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Term
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Definition
Fixed: schedules deliver reinforcement after every nth response (EX: coke machine)
Interval: schedules deliver reinforcement for the first response after a fixed length of time since the last reinforcement, while premature responses are not reinforced. (EX: paycheck)
Ratio: schedules deliver reinforcement after a random number of responses (EX: promotion)
Mixed:schedules deliver reinforcement for the first response after a random average length of time passes since the last reinforcement (EX: slot machine) |
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Term
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Definition
| occur when a behavior (response) is followed by a stimulus that is rewarding, increasing the frequency of that behavior. (EX: $for good grades) |
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Term
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Definition
| a particular behavior is strengthened by the consequence of the stopping or avoiding of a negative condition (EX: hmmm cant think of one) |
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Definition
| occurs when a behavior (response) is followed by a stimulus, such as introducing a shock or loud noise, resulting in a decrease in that behavior |
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Definition
| occurs when a behavior is followed by the removal of a stimulus, such as taking away a childs toy following an undesired behavior, resulting in a decrease in that behavior |
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Term
| Behavioral Therapy Techniques |
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Definition
-relaxation methods
-systematic desensitization
-in vivo desensitization - real life
-flooding
-assertion training
-self-management programs |
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Term
| REBT (Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy) founder? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-rests on the premise that thinking, evaluating, analyzing, questioning, doing, practicing, and re-deciding are the basis of behavior change
KEY CONCEPT: the events of life do not disturb us, rather our interpretation of events is what is critical
-accepting irrational beliefs |
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Term
| Cognitive therapy father? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-based on the premise that cognitions are the major determinants of how we feel and act
-try to change the way you think
-opposite of behavioral theory; believe cognitions come before behavior |
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Term
| Internal Dialogue and Cognitive Therapy |
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Definition
internal dialogue plays a major role in our behavior
-problems stem from:
*faulty thinking
*making incorrect inferences
*making decisions based on inadequate info
*failing to distinguish between fantasy and reality |
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Term
| Solution-Focused Brief Therapy |
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Definition
-only look at good stuff in your life
-help reframe in a positive way
-help find a solution
-focuses on what clients want to achieve through therapy rather than on the problem that made them seek help
-approach does not focus on the past, but instead the present and future |
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Term
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Definition
-behavior is a function of the family system
-individuals are best understood through assessing the interactions of the entire family |
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Term
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Definition
-brings it all together
-refers to a perspective based on concepts and techniques drawn from various theoretical approaches |
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