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Choose the incorrect statement reguarding the limitations of the ECG:
A. doesn't tell the functional capacity of the heart
B. Only records pathology
C. different body conformations alter different measurements
D.must be taken proper to interpret results
E. all are correct |
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| Standard for running a strip on an ECG |
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| ventricular depolarization |
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| ventricular repolarization |
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| Impulse going throught he atria and AVN |
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| Impulse going through the ventricles |
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| Interpreting an ECG rhythem includes asking; Is there a P for every QRS?; is there a QRS for every P wave?; and ___ |
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| arterioles use _ & __ receptros to move blood |
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| Only artery that has no O2 in blood |
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| Heart get nutrients for metabolism from |
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Which of these is out of order:
SAN -> atria -> AVN -> bundle of His -> ventricular working cells -> bundle braches of left & right purkinje cells -> atrial & ventricular working cells for contraction |
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| ventricular working cells is second to last last |
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| The ECG is the only device that detects __ |
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| left ventricle depolarizes, 1st positive wave |
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| late depolarization, 1st negative wave after 1st positive |
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| An animal might be getting hypoxic if see the t wave __ |
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| change from positive to negative or vice versa |
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| The length of a pen is about __ |
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| The absence of a sinus rhythem in these animals could indicate a serious heart defect |
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| Increased vagal tone in most animals can cause what kind of heart rhythem, it is normal. |
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| Which lead is normally the ground lead of an ECG? |
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| May need to use all 6 leads on an ECG if ___ |
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| having trouble seeing the P wave |
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| To determine a normal ECG for a species you must first know |
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ECG is especially good at detecting & can be used almost soely detect:
A. hyperkalemia
B. hypokalemia
C. Hypercalcemia
D. Hypocalcemia |
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| Bradycardia leading to tall peaked waves, little to no P waves & wide aberent QRS complexes is seen in __ |
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| Most often see hyperkalemia in __ cats & __ female dogs |
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| blocked tomcate; adisonian |
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| This is one cause of lymphoma or can be seen in a bitch that just had pups |
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| A pet is under anethesia and suddenly has an increased heart rate. You notice on the ECG that the t waves are getting taller (1/3 size of QRS). What might be happening? |
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| When the PR interval startes to get too long, it is reffered to as __ |
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| T/F Most tranquilizers just slow the heart rate |
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| Xyalazine (rompun) can cause __ |
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| artifact of ECG where electrode is touching the table, electrical interference |
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| Movements artifacts can be told apart from VPCs because |
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| there will be no repolarization |
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| T/F Heart Scores are used to tell pregnacy in a horse |
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| When in hyperkalemia there is a large increase > 9.5 mEq/L what could happen? |
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| U waves are seen in humans and not animals, when might these be seen? |
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| Hypokalemia must occur suddenly to be picked up on an ECG and may appear as: |
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| Bradcardia, prolonged QT interval, small, broad, and biphasic t waves |
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What might cause Hypokalemia (choose all that are right)?
A. addisons
B. cushings
C. diuretics
D. alkalosis
E. insulin & glucose |
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| Animals may have muscle tremmors with __ which can make getting a good ECG reading difficult. |
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Common causes of hypocalcemia (choose all that are right):
A. hypoparathyroidism
B.pancreatitis
C. ethylene glycol poisioning
D. eclampsia
E. intestinal parasites
F. renal failure w/ increased phosphorus |
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| VPCs in hypercalcemia are especially seen secondary to __ |
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| An acute __ may be seen on an ECG and appears as elevated ST segment |
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| Hypocalcemia can more readily have acute changes picked up on an ECG (if can get a good enough reading) appear as... |
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| prolonged QT interval with a small t wave |
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| In hypoxia of ananethasized pet, if pet has a sudden change in configuration of t wave, it is close to developing a __ arrythmia |
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| In a patient under anethesia, if pet becomes hypoxic, will need to __ pet and __ the amount of anethesia |
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| Patient under anethesia develops hypoxia and it goes unnoticed for a while. Ventricular tachycardia or premature beats are noticed and tech ventilates pet and decreases level of anethesia, but tachycardia or premature beates presist. What do you do to correct acidosis? |
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| T/F cardiac glycosides (digitalis) will slow heart rate & prolong the PR interval? |
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| Quinidine & procainamide are good to __ heart rate but at high dses they prolong the P wave, PR, QRS, & QT intervals and cause ST-T changes |
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| Bradycardia due t drugs can be prevented with __, as can ventricular beats caused by phenothiazine derivatives |
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| Negative P wave in lead one will be seen if __ |
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| electrodes are hooked up on the wrong legs |
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| To detect pregnacy on an ECG it must be cunducted at wha point in the pregnacy? |
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Heart score ECG desirable traits are all of the following except:
A. Slow heart rate
B. short P wave duration
C. Short P-R interval |
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| B. Long P wave duration is desired |
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| Bacterial endocarditis, neoplasms, systemic emboli, intrammural coronary arteriosclerosis (older dogs), strongylus vulgaris migration causing arteriosclerosis in horses, & foreign bodies penetrating the heart and causing septic infarcts in cattle are all rare but common __. |
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