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A slow word processor |
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US Postal System |
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A Nuclear Plant System |
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Slow Point of Sale Terminal |
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An Aircraft Navigation System |
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The IRS 1040 form processing system |
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| Embedded micro-controllers are not visible form the ourside, but have significant effect. |
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| Embedded micro-controllers are not re-programmable micro-controllers |
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| Embedded micro-controllers runs one program for its entire life |
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| Hard real-time system responses can occur within the sepcified deadline |
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| Software real-time systems response times are not important, and the system will still function correctly if deadlines are occasionally missed. |
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| Real-time systems undergo constant maintenance and enhancements during their lifetimes |
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| Device driver is a set of software functions that facilitate the use of an I/O port |
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| The nature of embedded systems does not require the computer components to interact with the external world |
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| Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter- The hardware port that implements the serial data trasnsmission. Freescale calls it 'Asynchronous communications interface adapter', or SCI |
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| A software/hardware sunchronization method whereby the software continuously reads the hardware status waiting for the hardware operation to complete. The software usually performs no work while waiting for the hardware. Same as busy-waiting. |
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| A complete and nondivisble packet of bits. A frame includes both information (data, characters, etc.) and overhead (start bit, error checking, and stop bits). |
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| Serial communications interface- A device to transmit data with asynchronous serial communication protocol (same as UART and ACIA) |
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| A device to transmit data using the synchronous serial communication protocol. |
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A system in which the timeliness of the response is as important as the correctness of it.
Examples: On line reservation sysytem, telephone switching system, computer game |
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Software that interfaces with system hardware.
Tools for developing Application Programs. Examples: OS, Compilers, Assemblers, etc. |
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| Written to solve specific problems |
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| A system has a set of one or more inputs entering a black box and a set of one or more outputs exiting the black box |
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| Delay between a change in the inputs and the corresponding change in the outputs |
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| One that must satisfy explicit response-time requirements or risk severe consequences, including failure. |
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| Systems whose performance is degraded by missing response time constraints. Examples: a slow word processor, slow point of sale terminals |
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| Systems whose performance is degraded by missing response time constraints. Examples: a slow word processor, slow point of sale terminals |
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| Systems with arad time deadlines where some low probability of missing a deadline can be tolerated. Examples: US Postal System, The IRS 1040 form processing system |
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| Systems where failure to meet response-time constraints leads to system failure. Examples: A nuclear plant system, an aircrafy navigation system |
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| Measure of percentage of time spent by the processor doing "useful" work under worst case conditions. 70% is a good target.Example: A CPU controlling spark timing in an engine. The CPU may have 50% idle time at 800 RPM, but may have only 5% idle time at 6000 RPM. (50% and 95% loading) |
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| Any system in which the time at which output is produced is significant. The input corresponds to some movement in the physical world, and lag from input time to output time must be sifficiently small for acceptable timeliness.EX: A missle guidance system out is required within a few milliseconds. |
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| Embedded micro controllers |
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| micro-controllers which are not visible from the outside, but have significant effect. |
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| A type of sensor that generates an electrical signal proportional to the physical quantity being measured |
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| required to sample the measurement devices of regular intervals |
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| A human operator constantly informed of the state of the system by displays of various types including graphical ones allowing for manual intervention |
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| Kept to record system state changes, which can be used in the case of a system crash, or to provide information for administrative purposes. |
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