Shared Flashcard Set

Details

EC-6 Generalist Preparation
Preparation for the EC-6 Generalist Examination for TEXES
60
Education
Professional
03/10/2014

Additional Education Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

Phonology

Definition

 

 the study of the basic sound units of language (phonemes) 

Term

 

 

 

morphology

Definition

 

the study of units of meaning within words

 

the way words are formed (morphemes)

 

examples: root words and inflectional endings

Term

 

 

 

syntax

Definition

 

 

phrase and sentence structure

 

what makes sense (grammar) 

 

example: Subject-verb agreement

Term

 

 

 

 semantics

Definition

 

the way languge conveys meaning

 

i.e. Amelia Bedelia

Term

 

 

 

pragmatics

Definition

 

 

appropriate word choice and use in context to communicate effectively

 

i.e.: common sense rules, "How are you?"

Term

 

 

orthography

Definition

 

 

spelling pattern

or the practice of correct spelling

 

i.e.: ph, ea, oi, etc.

Term

 

 

lexicon

Definition

 

 

knowledge of the meaning and pronunciation of words 

(vocabulary)

Term

 

 

What is phonemic awareness?

Definition

 

It refers to a child's ability to understand that words have smaller components called sounds or phonemes and that these sounds together create syllables and words.  It requires looking at print, shows how the sounds of spoken language are represented by letters and spelling.

Term

 

 

 

 

What is phonological awareness?

Definition

 

 

Phonological Awareness is the ability to recognize and manipulate components of the sound system of a language.  Activities do NOT involve print and can be done with their eyes closed. 

Term

 

 

What are the 2 phases of the alphabetic principle? 

Definition

 

 

Pre-Alphabetic Phase 

and

Partial Alphabetic Phase

Term

 

 

What are the 3 stages of the Alphabetic Principle? 

Definition

 

 

Full Alphabetic Stage

 

Consolidated Alphabetic Stage

 

Automatic Alphabetic Stage

Term

 

 

What are the phases and stages of the alphabetic principle? 

Definition
  1. Pre-alphabetic Phase
  2. Partial Alphabetic Phase
  3. Full Alphabetic Stage
  4. Consolidated Alphabetic Stage
  5. Automatic Alphabetic Stage
Term

 

 

What are the 6 types of syllables? 

Definition

 

  1. closed syllable
  2. open syllable
  3. vowel-consonent-e syllable
  4. vowel-r syllable
  5. vowel pair syllable
  6. final stable
Term

 

 

What is a closed syllable? 

Definition

 

 

It ends in at least one consonant.

Consonant after the vowel = short vowel sound

 

Ex: butter

mist

Term

 

What is an open syllable? 

Definition

 

 

Nothing after the vowel = long vowel sound

 

Example: she or table

 

Term

 

 

 

What is a vowel-consonant-e syllable? 

Definition

 

 

Always at the end of a word.

Any vowel, followed by any consonant, followed by silent "e"= long vowel sound

 

Ex. wakecute

 

Term

 

 

 

What is a vowel-r syllable? 

Definition

 

 

A vowel-r syllable has an r after the vowel. The sequence of the letters in this type of syllable is a vowel followed by r (er, ir, ur, ar, or) Robber "r" steals the vowel sound when it comes AFTER the vowel

 

Ex:church, fork

Term

 

 

 

What is a vowel pair syllable? 

Definition

 

 

A vowel pair syllable (or vowel team) has two adjacent vowels.  There are two vowels together, one sound. Often the long sound of the first vowel (Often, but not always) 

Example: feet and soup

Term

 

 

 

 

What is a final stable or consonant- LE syllable? 

Definition

 

 

It has a consonant l-e combo or nonphonetic like -tion. 

 

Ec: simple

Term

 

 

What are the 5 spelling/writing stages? 

Definition
  1. Precommunicative
  2. Prephonemic
  3. Phonemic
  4. Transitional
  5. Conventional
Term

 

 

What is alliteration?

Definition

 

 

Words in a sentence or phrase that begin mostly with the same letter sound

 

Example: Tall Tanya took tiny tots to town.

Term

 

 

What is a consonant blend or cluster?  

Definition

 

 

It is two or three letters in the same syllable that are blended or heard when pronounced (Ex. tr in tree) 

Term

 

 

 

What is a consonant digraph? 

Definition

 

 

It is a combination of two or more letters that represent a sound that is different from the speech sound that the letters represent individually 

 

Example: (ch in chop) 

Term

 

 

 

What is a diphthong? 

Definition

 

 

It's two adjacent vowels in which each vowel is heard in the pronunciation (ou in house).

Term

 

 

What is the schwa sound? 

Definition

 

In many words that have more than one syllable, one of the syllables receives less or diminished stress. The sound of the vowel in the syllable that receives the diminished stress has a softening of the vowel sound that is identified as a schwa sound and often pronounced as "uh" sound. The word "about" contains the schwa sound. 

Term

 

 

 

 

What is a vowel digraph? 

Definition

 

It's two adjacent vowels that represent one speech sound 

 

Example: (ee in feet)

Term

 

 

 

 

What are emergent readers? 

Definition

 

 

Readers that imitate the reading process, display reading readiness skills, use illustrations and prior experiences to make predicteions and to support comprehension, and possess soem degree of phonemic awareness. 

Term

 

 

 

Early Readers

Definition

 

 

Early readers rely on grapho-phonemic inormation to sound out words as a decoding strategy, can begin to read simple text with some degree of success, and they begin to notice features from language and text like punctuation and captialization, as well as the use of bold print and variation in format. 

Term

 

 

 

What are newly fluent readers?  

Definition

 

 

Newly fluent readers can self monitor their reading, identify and correct simple errors with minimal support, ask clarification questions, handle more challenging vocabulary through the use of context clues.  Children at this stage are not totally independent readers but with practice and support from teachers, they soon become fluent and independent readers. 

Term

 

 

 

What are informal asseessments? 

Definition

 

 

Observations, anecdotal records

Term

 

 

 

What are IRI's? 

Definition

 

 

 

Informal Reading Inventories are passages by reading level that contain comprehension questions.  They determine reading level. 

Term

 

 

 

What are the 3 reading levels? 

Definition

 

 

independent, instructional, and frustration

Term

 

 

 

 

What is the independent reading level? 

Definition

 

 

 

It's when a student reads 95% or more of the words correctly. 

Term

 

 

 

 

What is the instructional reading level? 

Definition

 

 

It's when a student reads between 90% and 94% of the words correctly 

Term

 

 

 

 

What is the frustrational reading level? 

Definition

 

 

It is when a student reads 89% of the words correctly?

Term

 

 

 

What are formal assessments? 

Definition

 

 

They are tests for teachers to see where they can improve their instruction

 

Example: End of Chapter Tests

Term

 

 

 

What is a summative evaluation? 

Definition

 

 

 

It occurs at the end of a specific time or course of study.

 

Ex: Benchmarks, STAAR

Term

 

 

 

What are criterion referenced tests? 

Definition

 

 

CRT's are the teacher attempts to measure each student against uniform objectives or criteria

 

The TAKS test was a criterion referenced test that assessed the implementation and the mastery of the TEKS. 

Term

 

 

What is a norm referenced test? 

Definition

 

 

The purpose of a NRT is to compare the performance of a group of students.  This test is competitive because a limited number of students can score well. A plot of NRT scores resembles a bell curve. 

Term

 

 

 

What are performance based tests? 

Definition

 

 

They assess students on how well they can perform certain tasks, students must use higher level thinking skills to apply, analyze, synthesize, and evaluate ideas and data. 

 

Authentic Assessments- projects, observations, checklists, self assessments, etc. 

Term

 

 

 

What are the 4 types of reading? 

Definition

 

 

  1. Choral Reading- reading with the teacher (all together)
  2. Read alouds- teaches vocabulary (wide reading), models a book
  3. Echo reading -reading after the teacher; Teacher reads then students repeat
  4. Shared reading- teacher reads aloud and students follow along and are asked to read certain words/phrases/sections of the story.
Term

 

 

 

What is decode? 

Definition

 

 

deciphered word meaning, associating printed letters with the speech sounds the letters make. 

Term

 

 

 

What are context clues? 

Definition

 

 

 

It is using pictures and other information in the text to inform your understanding of an unfamiliar word.

Term

 

 

 

 

What is reading fluency? 

Definition

 

 

 

The ability to read accurately, quickly, with good prosody, and effective comprehension.

Term

 

 

 

 

What is prosody? 

Definition

 

 

 

Melody of speech. Stress, pitch, tone, tempo

Term

 

 

 

 

What automaticity? 

Definition

 

 

 

Being able to automatically read the word. 

Term

 

 

 

What are text-to-self connections? 

Definition

 

 

It's connecting the text to your own life. 

Term

 

 

 

What are text-to-text connections? 

Definition

 

 

Connecting text to other literature

Term

 

 

What are inferential questions? 

Definition

 

 

Questions that use ideas in the text along with background information 

Ex: Predicting

Term

 

 

 

What are evaluative questions? 

Definition

 


Questions that ask S to make value statements about a piece of literature

 

Example: Judging the outcome

Term

 

 

 

What is a balanced approach to literacy? 

Definition

 

 

It's the use of different strategies and approaches to teach reading.  

 

Ex: Guided reading, independent, buddy, silent

Term

 

 

 

What are idioms? 

Definition

 

 

Figurative sayings that have special meanings

 

Example: "Keep your shirt on!" means "Don't get angry!"

Term

 

 

 

What is readers' theater? 

Definition

 

 

It's the oral presentation of drama by two or more readers using a printed script; normally used to create motivation and oral fluency.

Term

 

 

 

What are thematic units? 

Definition

 

 

They are instructionally generated learning activities that center on a topic of interest.

Term

 

 

What are literary elements? 

Definition

 

 

  1. setting
  2. character
  3. ploet
  4. style
  5. point of view
  6. mood/tone
  7. theme
Term

 

 

What is the point of view? 

Definition

 

 

The perspective from which a story is told

Term

 

 

What is the mood/ tone? 

Definition

 

 

The feeling the author wants you to get from the story.

Term

 

 

 

 

What is the theme? 

Definition

 

 

 

The main idea of the story. 

Term

 

 

What are the steps to the writing process? 

Definition
  1. Brainstorming/prewriting
  2. Drafting
  3. Revising
  4. Editing
  5. Publishing

 

Term

 

 

 

What is a semantic or concept map (word cluster) 

Definition

—A method of expanding understanding by writing a word or concept in the center circle of a cluster, drawing rays, and writing information about the word or concept in the "outer bubbles" to make connections/relationships between the word or the concept.
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