Term
| What is the difference between disordered eating and an eating disorder? |
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Definition
• Short, term, mild change in eating habits
o Occurs in response to stress, illness or intentional for health or physical appearance
• When a line is crossed
o When it becomes prolonged, distressing and starts to interfere with everyday activities
o Often requires professional attention |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of anorexia? |
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Definition
• Preoccupation with food and denial of hunger resulting in extreme calorie restriction (starvation)
o can begin with a simple diet
o can also display some of the bingeing and purging seen in bulimics
• Often from middle or upper SES with an overbearing mother and high expectations
• Overachiever
• Perfectionist
o find security in control; is obsessive, competitive |
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Term
| What are some of the warning signs of anorexia? |
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Definition
• Appearance
• Abnormal eating habits and eating very little food
• Hiding and storing food
• Prepares large meals for others
• Signs of depression
o withdraws from friends and family
• Critical of self and others
• Sleep disturbances
• Lack of monthly cycle for girls |
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Term
| What are the health problems associated with anorexia? |
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Definition
• Decreased heart rate
• Lowering of body temperature and metabolism
o appearance of more body hair and loss of hair on head
• Iron deficient anemia and other nutrient deficiencies
• Decreased immunity (Low white blood cell count)
• Rough, dry, scaly, cold skin
• Constipation, ammenorrhea
• Change in neurotransmitters which can lead to depression |
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Term
| For anorexia, what are the goals of nutrition therapy? Psychological therapy? |
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Definition
• Nutrition
o Increase food intake so to raise the BMR
o Prevent further weight loss
o Restore appropriate food habits
o Ultimately weight gain
• Psychological goals
o Cognitive behavior therapy
o Determine underlying emotional problems
o Reject the sense of accomplishment associated with weight loss
o Family therapy, support group |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of bulimia? |
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Definition
• Repeated cycle of out-of-control eating followed by some form of purging
o Vicious cycle of guilt, depression, low self-esteem
• Like anorexia involves a preoccupation with food
o bulimics more impulsive
• Usually at or slightly above normal weight
• Recognize behavior is abnormal so often kept secret
o warning signs are hidden |
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Term
| What do food binges typically consist of? |
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Definition
• Single binge may consist of 10,000-15,000 kcal
o High food bills
• Binge consists of convenience, high sugar, high fat foods
• Vomiting is most common form of purging
o 33%-75% of all energy is absorbed even after vomiting |
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Term
| What are some other forms of purging? |
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Definition
• Laxatives
o Can result in long term damage to digestive tract
o 90% of all energy is absorbed when laxatives are used
• Excessive Exercise
o 50% of women with eating disorders compulsively exercise, characteristics;
Do whatever it takes to make time to exercise
Working out comes at expense of family, career and relationships
Sense of worth tied to volume of exercise
Disruption of routine triggers withdrawal symptoms like anxiety, restlessness and mood swings |
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Term
| What are some of the health problems that occur with bulimia? |
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Definition
• Vomiting causes the most problems
o Demineralization of teeth
o Drop in blood potassium
o Ulcers
o Tooth decay
• Constipation (with laxative abuse)
• Anemia and decline in immune function |
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Term
| For bulimia, what are the goals of nutrition therapy? Psychological therapy? |
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Definition
• Nutrition
o Decrease episodes of binge and purge
o Change the “all-or-none” attitude and misconceptions about food
o Establish good normal eating habits
• Psychological
o Determine underlying emotional problems
o Therapy to improve self-acceptance
Family therapy, support groups
o Possible anti-depressant drugs |
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Term
| What would classify as an eating disorder not otherwise specified? |
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Definition
• Broad category of eating disorders that don’t fit with the classic anorexia and bulimia characteristics
• Examples;
o women who meet all the criteria for anorexia nervosa but sustain menses
o women who exhibits anorexia but maintain normal weight
o people who binge and purge no more than 2x a week
o people who chew and spit out food
o Binge eating disorder |
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Term
| How does binge eating disorder differ from anorexia or bulimia? |
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Definition
• Binge-eating episodes at least 2x/wk
o opposite of anorexia
not preoccupied with body shape, usually overweight
o difference between binge eating disorder and bulimia is no purging
• Occurs in ~30% -50% of subjects in weight control programs (40% are males)
• More common with obese individuals with history of restrictive dieting
• Roughly 50% exhibit clinical depression |
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Term
| What does treatment for binge eating disorder involve? |
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Definition
• Considers self as hungrier than normal
• Isolate self to eat large quantities
• Triggered by stress, depression, anxiety, loneliness, anger, frustration
• Usually binge on “junk” foods
• Eat without regards to biological need
• Food is used to reduce stress, provide feeling of power and well-being |
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Term
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Definition
• Relatively new disorder that's associated with a poor growth rate in kids and young adults.
• It occurs because parents underfeed their children in an attempt to prevent obesity and heart disorders
• Lack of appropriate nutrition information
o Treatment involves nutrition education
Nutrition required for proper growth
Appropriateness of sweets and fats in the diet |
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Term
| What are the 3 aspects of the female athlete triad? |
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Definition
• Combination of three conditions:
o disordered eating
o amenorrhea
o osteoporosis
• A female athlete can have one, two, or all three parts of the three
• Amenorrhea and bone loss due to lower estrogen levels as a result of restrictive dieting and overtraining
o Bone density similar to 50-60 year olds |
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Term
| Why are athletes particularly vulnerable to eating disorders? |
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Definition
• Athletes are particularly vulnerable because of the “athletic environment”;
Excessive exercise is praised
• perceived as dedicated and disciplined
Behaviors like fasting and vomiting accepted in some sports.
Tiny gymnast and skinny runners are accepted as the norm so the truly malnourished go undetected.
o Aesthetic expectation that athletes should be very lean and athletic looking.
o Belief that any body fat or extra weight will impair performance
o Personality traits of many athlete’s common to eating disorder patients;
compulsive, driven, perfectionist, competitive, motivated, compliant and eager to please (coachable)
o Coaches or parents compounding the problem
In one study of college gymnast, 67% reported that the coaches said they weighed too much and 75% of those athletes resorted to vomiting, laxative or diuretic abuse. |
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Term
| What is reverse anorexia? |
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Definition
• Obsessional behavior resembles anorexia, except the drive for increased muscle mass replaces the drive for thinness
• Drive for muscularity may result in;
o relinquishing friends
o give up responsibilites
o pursue unusual diets
o overtrain
o abuse supplements and steroids without regard for side effects
• Media idealizes the large muscular body form for men, just as it endorses the slender model look for women
• Magazines constantly promoting “increasing size” leads to high level of body dissatisfaction.
o Also that the body can be molded like clay |
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