Term
| What are Gondwanaland and Laurentia? |
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Definition
| Two landmasses formed when Pangaea broke apart. |
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Term
| Why are the continents older than the seafloor? |
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Definition
| The continental crust is less dense and does not get subducted at convergent boundaries therefore it is older. |
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Term
| What is seafloor spreading? |
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Definition
| The idea that new ocean floor is being created and the two plates on either side are getting further and further apart. |
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Term
| At what type of boundaries are mid-ocean ridges found? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is happening at divergent boundaries? |
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Definition
| The sea floor is spreading apart and new ocean floor is being created. |
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Term
| What are subduction zones? |
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Definition
| Subduction zones occur when you have a collision between an oceanic crust and a continental crust. The oceanic crust is more dense and is pushed beneath the continental crust forming a trench. |
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Term
| Why is the crust not getting larger? |
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Definition
| Because it is being created at spreading centers BUT is being destroyed at trenches. |
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Term
| What type of boundary occurs the St. Andreas Fault? |
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Definition
| Strike-slip or transform. |
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Term
| What happens at divergent boundaries? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens at convergent boundaries? |
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Definition
| Plates are moving together. |
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Term
| What are the three types of plate boundaries? |
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Definition
| Convergent, divergent, and transform(a.k.a. strike-slip) |
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Term
| How does Plate Tectonics explain the movement of continents? |
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Definition
| The crust is divided into plates which move because of convection currents in the mantle. |
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Term
| What do we call the current theory about the movement of continents? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why was Wegener unable to convince other scientists of his theory's validity? |
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Definition
| He could not explain why the continents were moving. |
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Term
| Who proposed the Theory of Continental Drift? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did Alfred Wegner call the large land mass? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did Alfred Wegner believe that the continents had moved (five reasons)? |
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Definition
- The shapes seem to fit together like a puzzle
- Fossils along the edge of continents seem to match
- Types of rock along coastlines seem to match
- Glacial erosional features seem to match
- Areas now cold must have been warm at some time in order for tropical organisms to have lived there. |
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Term
| What is the place that magma leaves the Earth? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do we call the volcano surrounding the Pacific Ocean? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is liquid rock called when it is INSIDE the Earth? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many stations must provide data to find the epicenter or an earthquake? |
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Definition
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Term
| What scale is used to compare the intensity of an earthquake? (two possible answers) |
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Definition
| Mercalli Scale / Richter Scale |
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Term
| What is an instrument used to measure earthquake waves? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three types of earthquake waves? |
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Definition
| P waves (primary), S waves (secondary), and surface waves. |
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Term
| What is another name for earthquake waves? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which wave can ONLY travel through solids and gases? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which wave causes the most damage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the point directly above the focus of an earthquake? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the point under the Earth's surface where the rocks break? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Earthquakes on the ocean floor. |
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Term
| What type of fault is the San Andreas Fault? |
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Definition
| Lateral or strike slip fault. |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of earthquakes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a sudden shaking of the Earth's crust? |
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Definition
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Term
| How were the Appalachian mountains formed? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What do we call a bend in a rock? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another name for a lateral fault? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which type of fault does the hanging wall move upward? |
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Definition
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Term
| In which type of fault does the hanging wall move downward? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a fracture accompanied by movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a word for a break in a rock? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of stress twists rocks? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of stress squeezes rocks? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of stress pulls on rocks? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three types of stress? |
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Definition
| Compression, tension, and shearing. |
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Term
| What is it called when a rock's shape, volume, or position changes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are forces within the Earth's crust that push, pull, or twist the crust? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of plant and animal life occurred during the Paleozoic Era? |
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Definition
| Seedless plants, insects, fish, amphibians, and reptiles. |
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Term
| What type of plant and animal life occurred during the Mesozoic Era? |
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Definition
| Gymnosperms, angiosperms, mammals, and birds. |
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Term
| What type of plant and animal life occurred during the Cenozoic Era? |
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Definition
| Angiosperms, and mammals. |
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Term
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Definition
| All the events of Earth's history that happened before the Cambrian. |
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Term
| What is the order of the geologic time scale (starting with Eons)? |
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Definition
| Eons, Eras, Periods, and Epochs. |
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Term
| Australia and Antarctica are moving apart. The best explanation for this is: |
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Definition
| There is a spreading center between them. |
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Term
| Certain rock formation on the east coast of North America closely match formations on the west coast of Europe. This suggests what? |
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Definition
| North America and Europe were once joined. |
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Term
| Coal deposits have been found in Antarctica suggests that it was once nearer to the __________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The study of the movement of Earth's plates is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Major interactions between plates occur where on the plate? |
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Definition
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Term
| The San Andrea's fault is located on what type of boundary? |
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Definition
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Term
| Two lithospheric plates move apart at this type of boundary |
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Definition
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Term
| Over geologic time, Earth's magnetic north pole has become the magnetic South Pole. What is this theory called? |
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Definition
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Term
| The crust and upper part of the mantle together make up this layer where plates can be found. |
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Definition
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Term
| This ex-navy captain came up with the theory he called "Seafloor Spreading" |
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Definition
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Term
| Areas of frequent earthquake activity are usually near a plate boundary. Where is an exception? |
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Definition
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