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| force that acts on rock to change its shape or volume |
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| stress force that pulls on earths crust causing rock to stretch in the middle (causes a normal fault) |
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| stress force that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks (creates reverse faults) |
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| the block of rock that lies above the fault |
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| when enough stress builds up in rock and breaks |
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| caused by tension, and hanging wall slips downward, in same angle- formation like reverse fault |
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stress force that pushes mass of rock in two opposite directions in a sideways movment (causes strike-slip fault) |
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| block of rock that lies below the fault |
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| when rock is pushed together, compression causes it, hanging wall slips upward |
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| when plates move past each other, shearing causes this, moves sideways with little up or down motion |
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| a fold in rock that bends upward, caused by compression |
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| a fold in rock that bends downward to form a valley, caused by compression |
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| a large area if elevated land high above sea level |
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| the shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface |
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| the point beneath earth's surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake |
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| vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake |
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| type of seismic wave that compresses and expand the ground, also called primary waves, is the first to arrive |
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| type of seismic wave that moves the ground and down or side to side, stands for secondary waves, second wave to arrive |
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| type of siesmic wave that forms when P waves and S waves reach Earth's surface, last waves to arrive |
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| scale that rates earthquakes according to their intensity and how much damage they causein a particular place |
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| scale that rates earthquake's magnitude based on the size of its seismic waves |
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| scale that rates earthquakes by estimating the total energy released by an earthquake |
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| the measurement of an earthquake's strength based on seismic waves and movement along faults |
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| the point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus |
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| a device that records ground movements caused by seismic waves as they move through Earth |
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| the record of an earthquake'ssiesmic waves produced by a seismograph |
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| the process by which an earthquake's violennt movement suddenly turns loose soil into liquid mud |
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| an earthquake that occurrs after a larger earthquake in the same area |
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| a large wave produced by an earthquake on the ocean floor |
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| a building mounted on bearings designed to absorb the energy of an earthquake |
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| List and define three kinds of faults |
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| Normal, reverse, strike-slip |
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| List and explain/define three main changes that earthquakes can cause |
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Definition
Folding- caused by compression: anticlines and synclines
Stretching-tension w/normal faults
Uplifting- plateaus form, pushes rock up |
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| List and explain/define three main changes that earthquakes can cause |
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Definition
Folding- caused by compression: anticlines and synclines
Stretching-tension w/normal faults
Uplifting- plateaus form, pushes rock up |
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| List and define the four instruments used to monitor faults and explain how they are used |
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Definition
GPS Satellites-use satellites to signal earth, monitor changes in Earth elevation and horizontal fault movement along faults
Tilt Meters- used to measure tilting and raising of ground, works like a carpenters level, uses a scale to see the depth of the water in the bowls
Creep meter- used to measure hrorizonal movement of fault, wire connects to other side of the fault working like a lazer range device
Laser Ranging Devices- used to detect horizontal fault movement, lazer goes across the fault |
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| list and define causes of earthquake damage |
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| shaking, liquefaction, aftershocks, tsunamis. shaking is when seismic waves trigger landslides and avalanches, damages bridges and buildings, fractures gas an water mains, and topples utility poles |
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| what causes a reverse fault |
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| what causes a strike-slip fault |
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| what causes a normal fault |
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