Term
| The safest thing to do during an earthquake is seek shelter in a doorway |
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Definition
| FALSE - The safest thing to do during an earthquake is protect your head and stay away from windows |
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Term
| The western part of California will most likely slide westward into the sea during the next "Big One" of the San Andreas Fault |
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Definition
| FALSE - It will move North into the San Francisco Bay Area |
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Term
| The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake marked the first time that seismologists understood that sudden slip along faults was the cause, rather than a result, of earthquakes |
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Definition
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Term
| 300 million years ago, the northwestern part of Africa was adjacent to what is now Eastern USA |
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Definition
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| The rupture length of the 1960 Chile earthquake was about 1,000 km. |
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Definition
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| The trace of a fault is the intersection line between the fault plane and the Earth’s surface. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Moho is the boundary between the crust and the mantle. |
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Definition
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Term
| The lithosphere moves on a weaker layer beneath it called the asthenosphere. |
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Definition
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Term
| The great earthquake of the Pacific Northwest (~1700 A.D.) was produced by thrust faulting in a subduction zone between the Pacific plate and the North American plate. |
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Definition
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Term
| Raleigh waves are a type of surface waves. |
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Definition
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Term
| The world’s deepest earthquakes occur at a depth of 700 km. |
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Definition
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Term
| The lithosphere is always thicker than the crust. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Sierra Nevada is being uplifted as a hanging wall horst along a large normal fault. |
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Definition
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Term
| The largest displacements in a very large subduction zone earthquake can be as much as 50 m. |
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Definition
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Term
| The Elastic Rebound Theory holds that the driving force for crustal earthquakes in the upper part of the Earth’s crust is elastic strain energy stored in the rocks. |
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Definition
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Term
| The advent of GPS technology in the late 1980s allowed the first detailed study of elastic strain accumulation along major faults. |
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Definition
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Term
| Surface waves attenuate slower than body waves because they spread as circles instead of spheres. |
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Definition
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Term
| Damaging earthquakes do not occur in the eastern two-thirds of the United States (i.e. east of the Rocky Mountains) |
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Definition
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Term
| The “Palmdale Bulge” was a now-discredited regional uplift pattern that was thought to presage an imminent earthquake on the San Andreas. |
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Definition
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Term
| The creeping section of the central San Andreas Fault has not experienced a major earthquake in the historic period, suggesting that it is the likely site of a near-future, large-magnitude earthquake. |
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Definition
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Term
| Uranium-Lead (U-Pb) would be the most appropriate parent-daughter isotope pair we discussed for dating the age of the most recent earthquake on the San Andreas Fault. |
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Definition
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Term
| Rupture of the entire Puente Hills blind thrust would generate an earthquake of magnitude > 7 directly beneath metropolitan Los Angeles. |
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Definition
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Term
| Oceanic lithosphere is mainly the crust and upper portion of the mantle. |
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Definition
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Term
| The magma that erupts from convergent margin volcanoes originates during melting of the subducted oceanic plate at ~100 km depth. |
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Definition
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Term
| Continental lithosphere is denser than oceanic lithosphere. |
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Definition
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Term
| In an earthquake on an east-west-striking, south-dipping reverse fault, the first motion detected by a seismograph station very close to and to the south of the epicenter will be negative. |
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Definition
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Term
| The spacing between linear magnetic stripes parallel to the East-Pacific Rise is narrower than the spacing between the comparable (i.e. same age) magnetic stripes parallel to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. |
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Definition
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Term
| If you travel due west from Hawaii, the next plate boundary you cross is an oceanic spreading center. |
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Definition
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Term
| Convection related to heat loss from inside the Earth is thought to be the ultimate driving force for plate tectonics. |
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Definition
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Term
| In large strike-slip earthquakes, the ground near the fault can move several meters in the direction perpendicular to the fault and then back again within a few seconds. |
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Definition
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Term
| From the inclination of the paleomagnetic field in a rock one can determine how far east or west of the prime meridian (O longitude) the rock was when it was formed. |
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Definition
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Term
| Average displacements during the great 1906 San Francisco earthquake on the San Andreas fault were about 20 m. |
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Definition
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Term
| For an isotropic stress, sigma 1= sigma 2= sigma 3 |
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Definition
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Term
| The 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake exhibited strong source directivity because the fault slipped perpendicular to the direction the rupture propagated. |
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Definition
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Term
| The age of the earth is determined by dating ancient continental rocks in Greenland and western Australia. |
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Definition
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Term
| Nuee ardentes are massive submarine releases of basaltic magma that typically occur at oceanic hotspots. |
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Definition
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Term
| For teleseismic earthquakes, Rayleigh waves will usually be observed on horizontal component seismographs. |
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Definition
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Term
| Frequency of a wave=Velocity/wave length. |
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Definition
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Term
| The radius of the core is about 3,500 km. |
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Definition
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Term
| The San Andreas Fault is a right-lateral strike slip fault. |
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Definition
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Term
| Seismic waves can only be trapped by total internal reflection in a layer that has a slower velocity than the surrounding layers. |
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Definition
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Term
| The San Andreas Fault is a transform fault. |
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Definition
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Term
| The southern-most section of the San Andreas (south of San Bernardino down past Palm Springs) experienced a very large earthquake in 1857 and is therefore not expected to produce a large earthquake in the near future. |
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Definition
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Term
| The inclination of the Earth’s magnetic field increases as you travel southward in the southern hemisphere. |
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Definition
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Term
| The epicenter of an earthquake always lies on the fault plane. |
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Definition
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Term
| Heat is the ultimate driving force of plate tectonics. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Most damage from an earthquake a few tens of kilometers away will be caused by s-waves. |
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Definition
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Term
| The materials that make up the outer core and the lower mantle have the same chemical composition. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| In a typical aftershock sequence of a Mw 7 earthquake, there will be 10 aftershocks of Mw 5. |
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