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Earthquake Flashcards
Terms
47
Geology
8th Grade
03/18/2008

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Cards

Term
Fault
Definition
A break or crack in the earth's surface caused by stress within the crust.
Term
Tension
Definition
Type of stress that pulls rocks apart
Term
Tension
Definition
Type of stress involved in a normal fault
Term
Compression
Definition
Type of stress that squeezes rocks until it folds or breaks
Term
Compression
Definition
Type of stress involved in the creation of a reverse fault
Term
Shear
Definition
Type of stress involved in a strike-slip (or transform) fault
Term
Shear
Definition
Stress that pushes masses of rock in opposite directions horizontally
Term

Hanging Wall

Definition
[image]
Term
Normal Fault
Definition
Type of fault created through tensional stress
Term
Normal Fault
Definition
Type of fault in which the hanging wall slides down the face of a footwall
Term
Reverse fault
Definition
Type of fault created by compressional stress
Term
Strike-slip or transform fault
Definition
Type of fault created by shear stress
Term
Strike-slip or transform fault
Definition
Type of fault in which broken sections of the crust slide past one another horizontally
Term
Footwall
Definition
[image]
Term
Transform Fault
Definition
[image]
Term
Shadow Zone
Definition
[image]
Term
Rift Valley
Definition
[image]
Term
Reverse Fault
Definition
[image]
Term
Normal Fault
Definition
[image]
Term
Fault Block Mountain
Definition
[image]
Term
Ductile
Definition
Term that describes rocks that are bendable
Term
Brittle
Definition
Term that describes rocks that are easily broken
Term
Earthquake
Definition
The shaking of the earth that is the direct result of movement inside the earth
Term
Focus
Definition
The point inside the surface of the Earth where earthquake energy is released or the earthquake originates from
Term
Epicenter
Definition
The point on the Earth's surface that feels the most powerful shaking
Term
P-Wave (What does the P stand for)
Definition
Primary Wave
Term
S-Wave (What does the S stand for)
Definition
Secondary
Term
L-Wave (What does the L stand for)
Definition
Love Wave (or surface wave)
Term
Primary Wave
Definition
The fastest of all earthquake waves
Term
Secondary Wave
Definition

The second fastest of the earthquake waves

Term

Surface wave

Definition
The slowest of the three earthquake waves
Term
Surface wave
Definition
The most damaging of the three seismic waves
Term
Surface wave
Definition
Type of waves that causes rocks to move in a spiral like pattern due to motions in all directions
Term
Primary wave
Definition
Type of wave that causes rocks to move parallel to wave direction
Term
Secondary Wave
Definition
Type of wave that causes rocks to move at right angles to the wave direction
Term
Richter Scale
Definition
Scale that measures the energy released by an earthquake
Term
Mercalli Scale
Definition
Scale that measures the intensity of an earthquake through witness accounts or damage reports
Term
Seismograph
Definition
Instrument that measures earthquake waves
Term
Seismic Wave
Definition
Type of wave that causes the ground to shake in an earthquake
Term
Seismogram
Definition
The record of an earthquake created by a seismograph
Term
Aftershock
Definition
Smaller tremors that follow the main larger earthquake
Term
Tsunami
Definition
Large sea wave caused by an underwater earthquake or landslide
Term
Liquefaction
Definition
The process by which an earthquake's violent movement suddenly turns loose soil into liquid mud, causing major damage
Term
San Andreas Fault
Definition
The most famous plate boundary of the United States that runs through California and Northern Mexico
Term
New Madrid
Definition
Location for the largest earthquake in the continental US (the 48 states)
Term
Alaska
Definition
Location for the largest earthquake in US history
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