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Earth & Space Science Flash Cards 6th period
Earth and space science studies features of the Earth and the universe that surrounds Earth. It involves learning about the Earth's land, atmospheres, oceans, and life.
41
Science
12th Grade
12/12/2019

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Term

Earth & Space Science Flash Cards

By: Anthony, Alec, and Rithvik

6th period 12/19/19

Definition
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SI Units

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Definition

The preferred metric units for use in science.

 

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4 Characteristics of Minerals

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Definition
Naturally occurring, inorganic, fixed chemical composition, solid.
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Abiogenesis

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Definition
Is the scientific theory that states life arose on Earth from non-living matter.
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Acidophiles

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Definition
Are organisms that thrive under highly acidic conditions.
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Biosphere

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Definition
Consists of all life on Earth and all parts of the Earth in which life exists, including land, water, and the atmosphere.
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Branches of Earth Science

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Definition
Geology, oceanography, meteorology, astronomy, environmental science.
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Convection Currents

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Definition
Circular currents in the mantle caused by the magma being heated by the core off the Earth.
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Cryosphere

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Definition
Frozen water on earth.
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Cumulus Stage

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Definition
The steady supply of warm humid air combined with the strong upward movement of the updraft forms a billowing rapidly growing cumulus cloud. Inside the upper levels of the cloud ice crystals and super cooled water droplets begin to develop this stage in the life of a thunderstorm usually lasts 10-15 minutes
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Deep-Sea Trench

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Definition
A long, narrow deep depression in the ocean floor which typically runs parallel to a plate boundary and makes a subduction zone.
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Extremophiles 

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Definition
Is the category name for organisms with the ability to thrive in extreme environments.
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Extrusive Rock

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Definition
Fine-grained igneous rock that forms when magma cools quickly at or near Earth's surface.
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Fractional Crystallization

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Definition
Process in which different minerals crystallize from magma at different temperatures, removing elements from magma.
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Geographic Pole

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Definition
A geographical pole is either of the two points on a planet, moon, or other relatively large rotating body where the body's axis of rotation meets its surface.
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Geosphere

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Definition
The mostly solid, rocky part of the Earth; extends from the center of the core to the surface of the crust.
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Halophiles

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Definition
They are organisms that thrive in high salt concentrated areas.
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Hydrosphere

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Definition

All the waters on the earth's surface, such as lakes and seas, and sometimes including water over the earth's surface, such as clouds.

 

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Intrusive Rock

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Definition
Coarse-grained igneous rocks that cool slowly beneath Earth's surface.
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Isometric

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Definition
A form of pictorial drawing in which all three drawing axes form equal angles of 120 degrees with the plane of projection.
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Lonely Planet Paradox

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Definition

The theory that Earth is the only planet in space to support complex life.

 

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Mechanical Weathering

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Definition
The type of weathering in which rock is physically broken into smaller pieces.
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Meridian

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Definition
A circle of constant longitude passing through a given place on the earth's surface and the terrestrial poles.
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Methanogens

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Definition
They are microorganisms that produce methane in low oxygen conditions. Instead of using oxygen to create energy they use methane.
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Paleoclimatology

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Definition
This is the study of ancient climates. It compares the current day climates to ancient ones in order to understand natural variation and evolutionary change of the climate.
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Paleontology

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Definition

Is the study of the history of life on Earth as based on fossils.

 

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Pangea

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Definition
The name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave rise to today's continents.
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Panspermia

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Definition
Is the hypothesis about the origins of life on Earth. The development of life already exists in the universe and arrived on Earth by meteorites, comets, and spacecraft.
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Parallax

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Definition
The apparent change in position of an object when seen from different places; used to estimate distances to stars within our galaxy
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Phylogenetics

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Definition
The study of the evolutionary history and relationships among individuals or groups of organisms.
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Punctuated Equilibrium Theory

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Definition
This is a theory about species showing little evolutionary change over time until the pressure to do so.
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Relative Humidity

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Definition
The percentage of water vapor in the air compared to the maximum amount of water vapor that air can contain at a particular temperature
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Ridge Push

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Definition
A mechanism that may contribute to plate motion; it involves the oceanic lithosphere sliding down the oceanic ridge under the pull of gravity
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Scientific Notation

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Definition
In many branches of science, some numbers are very small, while others are very large. To express these numbers conveniently, scientists use a type of shorthand called scientific notation, in which a number is expressed as a value between 1 and 10
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Specific Gravity (SG)

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Definition
Test to measure the concentration of urine; used to evaluate the ability of the kidneys to concentrate or dilute urine
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Subduction Zone

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Definition
The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary.
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Theory of Evolution

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Definition

This theory was developed by Charles Darwin. It states that organisms change over time as a result of changes in physical or behavioral traits. These changes allow an organism to better adapt to its environment. 

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Thermophiles

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Definition
A type of extremophile bacteria that thrives at high temperatures.
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Transpiration

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Definition
The process by which plants release water vapor through their leaves
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Troposphere

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Definition
The lowest region of the atmosphere, extending from the earth's surface to a height of about 3.7-6.2 miles (6-10 km), which is the lower boundary of the stratosphere.
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Where Minerals Form

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Definition
They can form on the surface through evaporation of solutions containing dissolved minerals. They can form beneath the surface when dissolved elements and compounds leave a hot water solution or when magma cools and hardens.
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