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Earth Science Chapter 5
Study Guide
30
Science
11th Grade
01/28/2013

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Term
What are two main groups of minerals?
Definition
silicate and nonsilicate
Term
Which are non silicate crystalline structures?
Definition
cubes, hexagonal prisms irregular masses
Term
A double-chain silicate is?
Definition
two bonded single chains
Term
what two elements must be present in a silicate?
Definition
silicon and oxygen
Term
what group lists only minerals?
Definition
fluorite, feldspar, copper
Term
which of the following are chatoyancy and asterism associated with?
Definition
cat's eye and star
Term
A mineral is described as flourescent when it?
Definition
glows under ultraviolent light
Term
What mineral property involves iron?
Definition
Magnetism
Term
Because man minerals are similar in color and certain elements may change the color, color?
Definition
is not a good identifier
Term
Unstable atomic nuclei decay over time into stable nuclei, causing a mineral to be?
Definition
radioactive
Term
What is chatoyancy?
Definition
mineral shows a cat's eye effect
Term
A phosphorescent mineral glows?
Definition
after an ultraviolent light is turned off
Term
Isolated tetrahedra?
Definition
do not link with silicon or oxygen atoms
Term
What is asterism?
Definition
a six-sided star shape appears when a mineral reflects light
Term
Double chain silicates are formed when?
Definition
two single chains of tetrahedra bond to each other
Term
Cubes, hexagonal prisms, and irregular masses are examples of?
Definition
three common nonsilicate crystallline structures
Term
when each tetrahedra shares three of it's oxygen atoms with other tetarhedra?
Definition
sheet silicates are formed
Term
Which of the following is NOT one of the four criteria for determining whether or not a substance is a mineral


a. it is organic
b. it occurs naturally
c. it has a consistent chemical composition
d. it has a shiny surface
Definition
d. it has a shiny surface
Term
what is radioactivity
Definition
unstable atomic nuclei decay over time, releasing particles and energy
Term
the color of a mineral in powered form is called the mineral's
Definition
streak
Term
A mineral is a natural soild that usually is
Definition
inorganic, with characteristic physical properties
Term
Single-chain silicates are silicate crystalline structures in which tetrahedra form a
Definition
chain by sharing oxygen atoms
Term
The hardest mineral on the Mohs hardness scale is
Definition
diamond
Term
Fluorence is the property of a mineral that causes it to
Definition
glow under ultraviolent
Term
Density is the ratio of
Definition
the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance
Term
What is true of isolated tetrahedra
Definition
they do not link with other silicon or oxygen atoms
Term
Double-chain silicates form when
Definition
two single chains of tetrahedra bond to each other
Term
Which of these are common nonsilicate crystalline structures?
Definition
cubes, hexagonal prisms, octahedral prisms, irregular masses
Term
Light that is reflected from a mineral's surface is called
Definition
luster
Term
Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to
Definition
split along specific planes, forming flat surfaces
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