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Earth Science
TAKS curriculum terms
35
Science
Not Applicable
11/11/2005

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Cards

Term
ORBIT
Definition
the path a body in space takes as it revolves around another body (ex Earth orbits the sun)[image]
Term
ROTATE
Definition
to spin on an axis[image]
Term
Partial Solar Eclipse
Definition
A partial solar eclipse is when the Moon only covers part of the solar disc.[image]
Term
TOTAL ECLIPSE
Definition
when the Moon appears to cover the entire solar disc. Total solar eclipses are only visible from a very small area on Earth, a narrow track that moves across the Earth's surface (as the Earth rotates). The partial phase of a total eclipse lasts about an hour. In any one place, totality (when the solar disc is entirely covered) lasts no more than 8 minutes. During totality, the sky is dark enough to see stars in the sky.
Term
ECLIPSE
Definition
When the moon blocks out light from the sun or the Earth's shadow goes across the moon.[image]
Term
AXIS
Definition
an imaginary straight line around which an object, like a planet, turns. For example, the Earth's axis is a line that goes through the North and South Poles.
Term
CRUST (EARTH'S LAYER)
Definition
the Earth’s outermost layer. It is rocky and composed mostly of calcium, aluminum, basalt and granite. The crust is thinner under the oceans.
Term
MANTLE
Definition
Denser rocky layer below the crust which contains a convection current which allows magma to be created.
Term
OUTER CORE
Definition
molten (liquid) layer made of iron, nickel, and sulfur.
Term
INNER CORE
Definition
solid iron-nickel center of the earth that is very hot and under great pressure.
Term
TECTONIC PLATES
Definition
large areas of the earth’s crust that have 3 basic movements: slide, collide (convergent) and pull apart (divergent)
Term
PANGEA
Definition
Supercontinent,
Existing millions of years ago
Term
FAULTS
Definition
places where pieces of crust move
eX. SAN ANDREAS FAULT
Term
WEATHERING
Definition
Process in which soil, sand and sediment are formed
Term
EROSION
Definition
Process of moving sediment (EX. MASS MOVEMENTS INCLUDE LANDSLIDES, MUDSLIDES, OR AVALANCHES)
Term
DEPOSITION
Definition
Process of dropping sediment AFTER erosion occurs
Term
RENEWABLE RESOURCE
Definition
a resource that is replaced as it is used Ex. plants, animals, oxygen, fresh water
Term
NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCE
Definition
a resource that cannot EASILY be readily replaced once it is used (10 MIL years is a long time)
EX. fossil fuels
Term
FOSSIL FUELS
Definition
A fuel formed from the remains of once-living organisms (fossils) which are formed over millions of years.
EX: coal, natural gas, petroleum
Term
fossils
Definition
remains of prehistoric life found in sedimentary rock
Term
SUNSPOT
Definition
a dark, cooler spot found on the photosphere layer of the sun
Term
SOLAR FLARE
Definition
a brief burst of energy from the sun's photosphere layer
Term
SOLAR WIND
Definition
a fast moving stream of particles thrown into space by solar flares
Term
TELESCOPE
Definition
an instrument that magnifies distant objects or makes them appear larger
Term
ALTERNATE ENERGY SOURCES
Definition
sources that provide energy without burning fossil fuels
Ex> hydro-energy (water/tides), wind energy, or solar energy
Term
PLANET
Definition
a large celestial object that orbits around a star
Term
CRYSTALS (CRYSTALLIZATION)
Definition
a transparent or clear mineral formed within the earth as a result of a rock heating and then cooling. So,the process of crystals forming is called crystallization.
Term
GEODE
Definition
a hollow rock or nodule with the cavity usually lined with crystals
Term
WATER RETAINING
Definition
the act of holding or securing water
Term
CLAY
Definition
A sedimentary material that is moist and sticky, mud used to make pottery.
Term
LANDFORM
Definition
a physical feature on Earth's surface
EX. delta, canyon, valley, mountain
Term
DELTA
Definition
A delta is a low, watery land formed at the mouth of a river. It is formed from the silt, sand and small rocks that flow downstream in the river and are deposited
Term
AIR PRESSURE
Definition
Air pressure is the force exerted on you by the weight of tiny particles of air measured by a barometer.[image]
Term
SOIL
Definition
The top layer of the earth's surface, consisting of rock and mineral particles mixed with organic matter
Term
TIDES
Definition
variation in the surface level of the oceans and of bays, gulfs, inlets, and estuaries, caused by gravitational attraction of the moon and sun.
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