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Earth Science Final
questions
65
Science
8th Grade
12/16/2007

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Term
A weak spot in the crust where molten magma comes to teh surface is called what?
Definition
volcano
Term
waht do we call the force that acts on rock to change its shape of volume?
Definition
deformation
Term
shearing stress causes waht kind of falut?
Definition
strike slip faul
Term
the andes mountains are a reslut of waht kind of stress?
Definition
compression
Term
what type of waves are the first to arive at a seismic station
Definition
P-waves
Term
name the three types of scales used to measure earthquakes
Definition
Mercalli Scale, Richter Scale, Momentum Magnitude scale
Term
how many seismic stations are needed to locate the epicenter
Definition
three
Term
what is this process called?
Definition
triangulation
Term
give an examle of volcanos formed by divergent boundaries
Definition
mid ocean ridge
Term
violent shaking of the earth causes loose soil to change into liquid mud. What is this called?
Definition
liquifacation
Term
the folding of rock is caused by what kind of stress?
Definition
compression
Term
the largest earthquake to occur in the lower 48 states happened in waht state?
Definition
missouri
Term
explain what occurs at a subduction zone
Definition
one plate sinks below another
Term
describe what a composite volcanoe is.
Definition
a tall coned shape mountain with layers of lava wich alternate with layers of ash and other volcanin materials
Term
define the focus of an earthquake
Definition
the point beneath earths surface where rock breaks under stress and causes an earthquake
Term
what is another name for a dome shaple fold
Definition
anicline
Term
define a reverse fault
Definition
a type of fault where the hanging wall slies upward causes by compression in the crust
Term
describe the movement of rock in a stirke slip fault
Definition
where rocks on either side move past each other sideways with little up or down motion
Term
where do faults usually occur
Definition
along plate boundaries
Term
waht is another name for primary waves
Definition
compression waves
Term
magma that reaches the surface is called what
Definition
lava
Term
define hot spots
Definition
an area where magma from deep in the mantle melts through a week point in the crust
Term
a normal fault is caused by waht kind of stress
Definition
tension
Term
what is another name for the basin of a fold?
Definition
syncline
Term
explain how a tsunami works
Definition
when an earthquake occurs on the ocean floor, the plate movements causes the ocean floor to rise and to displace the water
Term
define deformation
Definition
a change in the volume or shape of earths crust
Term
define compression
Definition
stress that squeezes rock until it folds or breaks
Term
waht two examples of hot spots are in your notes
Definition
yellowstone park in whyoming and ocean of hawaiian islands
Term
explain how a normal fault works
Definition
the hanging wall slides down and the footwall goes up caused by tension in the crust
Term
thicker soil will cause more or less violent shaking during an earthquake
Definition
more
Term
give some examples of convergence between two oceanic plates
Definition
japan, new zealand, phillipeans, cariibean islands
Term
describe a cinder cone volcano
Definition
a steep cone shaped hill or mountain made of colcanin ash,cindesrs,and bombs piled up around a volcanin opening
Term
describe a strike slip fault/transform
Definition
a type of fault where rocks on either side move past each other sidewys with little up or down motion
Term
what is another name for swaves
Definition
transverse waves
Term
waht can be determined from one seismograph
Definition
the pwaves and swaves in one area
Term
explain how a shield volcano works
Definition
have eruptions were lava flows gradualy across teh land forming a flat surface
Term
what is the illinois basin?
Definition
a giant syncline that stretches from the western side of indiana abotu 250 km across the state of illinois
Term
describe how primary waves move through rock
Definition
compression waves in which the material in the wave moves
Term
when do after shocks occur
Definition
when an earthquake occurs after another earthquake in teh same area
Term
explain what a base isolated building is
Definition
a building mounted on bearins designed to absorb the energy of an earthquake
Term
what is a laser-ranging device
Definition
uses a laser beam to detect even tiny fault movements. ut calculates any change in time for teh laser beam to travel and then bounce back
Term
give an example of a strike slip fault
Definition
san andreas fault
Term
exlain what happens to cause an earthwquake
Definition
the plates slide next to or over each other
Term
waht happens when continental plates come together
Definition
mountains form convergent boundaries
Term
what are some examples of this proccess?
Definition
himilayas
Term
according to the notes where do most volcanos occur
Definition
plate boundaries
Term
describe what a creep meter is
Definition
uses a wirte streched across a fault to measure horizontal movement of the ground
Term
how are the epicenter and focus connected
Definition
the focus is wehre the earthquake occurs and the epicenter is directly above it
Term
what geological feauture is the grand canyon on?
Definition
the colorado plateau
Term
what is an exapmle of a shield volcano
Definition
hawaii
Term
where is the highest risk for earthquakes in the US
Definition
along the pacific coast. california, washington, alaska
Term
explain waht a tiltmeter is
Definition
measures the tilting of the ground
Term
acording to the notes what would be an example of a cinder cone volcano
Definition
Mount Paricutin in Mexico
Term
of the 3 seismic scales which did we use in a lab that had people callin in to a radio staion
Definition
mercalli scale
Term
explain how a mechanical seismograh works
Definition
use a pen supported by a string with a wieght attactched to the pen. This allows the drum to move but the pen to remain stationary
Term
according to the notes whats an example of an anticline and syncline
Definition
the illinois basin adn teh black hills of south dakota
Term
define magnitute acording to teh notes
Definition
a measure of earthquake strength based on seismic waves
Term
what is an example of a compostie volcano
Definition
mount st. helans
Term
How does the mercalli scale measure earthquakes
Definition
rate on earthquake on intensity by how much damage is done
Term
according to the notes where would you find examples of reverse fautls
Definition
part of the appalachin mountains
Term
define friction according to the notes
Definition
the force that opposes the motion of one surface as it moves across another surface
Term
define tension as it relates to rock stress
Definition
stress that stretches rock so that it becomes thinner in teh middle
Term
according to the notes where would you find examples of normal fautls
Definition
rio grande rift valley in new mexico
Term
waht do we call energy that is stored in rocks
Definition
geothermal energy
Term
what other waves besides P & S waves do earthquakes produce>
Definition
surface waves
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