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Earth Science Chapter 10
Vocabulary for Chapter 10
15
Science
9th Grade
05/18/2010

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Term
Aftershock
Definition
a smaller earthquake that follows a larger earthquake
Term
Body Waves
Definition
waves of energy that travel from the focus of an earthquake through the material of Earth's body; P waves and S waves are 2 types
Term
Earthquake
Definition
the shaking of Earth's crust caused by a release of energy
Term
Epicenter
Definition
point on Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake
Term
Fault
Definition
break in the lithosphere along which movement has occurred
Term
Focus
Definition
point at which the first movement occurs during an earthquake
Term
Liquefaction
Definition
temporary state in which loose soil and rock materials take on the property of liquid, often as a result of severe ground-shaking
Term
Magnitude
Definition
measure of the amount of energy released in an earthquake
Term
P Waves
Definition
body waves that squeeze and stretch rock materials as they pass through Earth; also known as compressional waves or primary waves
Term
S Waves
Definition
body waves that cause particles of rock material to move at right angles to the direction in which the waves are traveling; or shear waves or secondary waves
Term
Seismic Gap
Definition
an area along a seismically active fault where no earthquake activity has occurred over a long period of time
Term
Seismogram
Definition
recording of an earthquake made by a seismograph
Term
Seismograph
Definition
instrument that detects and records waves produces by earthquakes
Term
Surface Waves
Definition
earthquake waves that travel along Earth's surface; Love waves and Rayleigh waves are 2 kinds
Term
Tsunami
Definition
large ocean wave that results from an underwater earthquake, landslide, or volcanic eruption
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