Term
|
Definition
| the broad pattern of evolution above the species level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| droplets with membranes that maintained an internal chemistry different from that of their surroundings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| rocks that are 1-2% carbon compounds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fluid-filled compartments bounded by a membrane-like structure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a soft mineral clay produced by the weathering of volcanic ash |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an RNA molecule that functions as an enzyme, such as an intron that catalyzes its own removal during RNA splicing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the contribution an inndividual makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to the contributions of other individuals; how your contribution compares to your neighbor's |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| natural selections in which individuals at one one end of the phenotypic range survive or reproduce more successfully than others; Migration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| natural selection in which individuals on both extremes of a phenotypic range survive and reproduce more successfully than the inbetweeners; Hot 'n' Cold |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| natural selection in which the inbetweeners survive; Middle Child |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when individuals with certain characteristics get it on more than others |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| difference between secondary sex characteristics of males and females (e.g. size, color, ornamentation, and behavior) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| selection within the same sex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| genetic vaiation that does not provide a selective advantage/ disadvantage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a cell containing 2 sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when natural selection maintains two or more forms in a population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| greater reproductive success of heterozygous individuals compared with homozygotes; tends to preserve variation in a gene pool; defined in terms of genotype, not phenotype |
|
|
Term
| Frequency-dependent Selection |
|
Definition
| natural selection in which the fitness of a phenotype depends on how common the phenotype is in a population |
|
|
Term
| Interspecific Interactions |
|
Definition
| a relationship between individuals of two or more species in a community; e.g. competition, predations, herbivory, symbiosis, and facilitation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sum of biotic and abiotic resources used by a species; address: habitat :: niche: profession |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the differentiation of niches that enables similar species coexist in a community |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| portion of fundamental niche actually used |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the totality of an organism's chemical reactions, consisting of catabolic and anabolic pathways, which manage the materisal and energy resources of the organism; transforms matter to energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a series of chemical reactions that either build a complex molecule (anabolic pathway) or breaks down a complex molecule to simpler molecules (catabolic pathway) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler molecules; DOWNHILL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a metabolic pathway that consumes energy to synthesize a complex molecule from simpler molecules; UPHILL |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| study of how energy flows through organisms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the capacity to cause change, especially to do work (moving matter against an opposing force) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the energy associated with the relative motion of objects. Moving matter can perform work by imparting motion to other matter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the energy that matter possesses as a result of its location or spatial arrangement (structure) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the total amount of kinetic energy due to the random motion of atoms or molecules in a body of matter; also known as Thermal Energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| energy available in molecules for release in a chemical reaction; a form of potential energy; made possible because arrangements of energy from electrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the measure of disorder or randomness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
process occurs without input; not quick, "energetically favorable".
Water can go from Point A to Point B, but some energy is needed to go from Point B to Point A
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the portion of a system's energy that can preform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system
ΔG= ΔH- TΔS
ΔG change in free energy
ΔH changes in enthalpy
T absolute temperature in Kelvin
ΔS changes in entropy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| negative ΔG means spontaneous reaction; "we can think of free energy as a measure of a system's instability" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a spontaneous chemical reaction in which there is a net release of free energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a non-spontaneous chemical reaction in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings; a living cell never reaches equilibrium; orgamisms are open systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| objects move spontaneously from high to low altitudes (e.g. diver on a platform) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| objects move from high to low concentrations (e.g. dye in water) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in a cell, a glucose molecule is broken down into simpler molecules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the division of Earth's history into thime periods grouped into 3 eons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| orgiing of Earth; oldest know rocks; oldest fossils of cells (prokaryotes) appears |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oldest fossils of eukaryotic cells appear; diverse algae and soft-bodied invertebrae animals appear |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| layered rock that results from the activities of prokaryotes that bind thin flims of sediment together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the theory that mitochondria and pastids, including chloroplasts, originated as prokaryotic cells engulfed by an ancetral eukaryotic cell. The engulfed cell and its host cell then evolved into a single organism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a hypothesis for the origin of eukaryotes consisting of a sequence of endosymbiotic events in which mitochondria, chlorotpplasts, etc. were derived from small prokaryotes that had by larger cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sudden explosion when many present-day phyla first appeared, including the first hard-bodied animals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the theory that the continents are part of great plates of Earth's crust that float on the hot, underlying portion of the mantle. Movements in the mantle cause the continents to move slowly over time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the idea that continents move slowly over a period of time; consequences include: alterations in habitats (physical environment), climate, allopatric speciation, and geographic distribution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elimination of large large number of species throughout Earth, the result of global environmental changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| period of evolutionary change in which groups of organisms from many new species whose adaptations allow them to fill different ecological roles in their communities |
|
|
