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| an earthquake of lesser magnitude, that follows large earthquake that happened in the same area |
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| hot molten rock, mechanically weak region of the upper mantle of the Earth that lies below the lithosphere |
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| an area where two plates converge, diverge, or move past one another |
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| a boundary where two tectonic plates are pushing together |
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| the movement of the Earth's tectonic plates |
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| outer layer of Earth(anywhere from 9.6-35.4 km deep under land or ocean) |
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| a boundary where two tectonic plates are pulling apart |
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| shaking or tremors of the ground caused by movement of tectonic plates |
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| that point on the surface of the Earth lying immediately above the focus of an earthquake |
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| a dislocation along a break in a rock surface |
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| these form when Earth's crust pushes material up and down near a fault line |
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| the point in the Earth's crust where the earthquake actually begins |
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| mountains that are created where two of Earth's tectonic plates are pushed together. |
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Definition
| study of rocks on and within the Earth |
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Definition
| a volcano in miniature, from which hot water and steam are erupted periodically instead of lava and ashes |
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Definition
| a volcanic area that forms as a tectonic plate moves over a point heated from deep within the Earth's mantle |
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Definition
| formed by the cooling and solidifying of magma(beneath surface) or lava(at surface); (ex:granite and basalt) |
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Definition
| solid, central portion of Earth, composed of iron and nickel |
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Definition
| hot, molten rock on Earth's surface(erupted from a volcano or fissure) |
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Definition
| consists of the crust and upper mantle; composed of tectonic plates |
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| hot, molten rock below Earth's surface; forms igneous rock |
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| a change in the Earth's magnetic field resulting in the magnetic north being aligned with the geographic south, and the magnetic south being aligned with the geographic north |
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Definition
| portion of Earth between the crust and the core(2896.8 km thick) |
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| formed from another rock type through heat and pressure(ex:marble from limestone) |
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| a long mountain range on the ocean floor, extending almost continuously through the North and South Atlantic Oceans |
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| forms at convergent boundaries |
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Definition
| liquid central portion of Earth that surrounds the innermost solid core |
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| A hypothetical supercontinent that existed in the geological past and consisted of all the present continents before they split up |
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| outermost layer of Earth(soil) |
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| measure of the acidity in a substance |
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| the branch of geology dealing with the rocks that make up Earth's crust |
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| the fastest seismic waves(can pass through liquid and solid rock) |
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Definition
| these contain a high-density mix of hot lava blocks, pumice, ash and volcanic gas; they move at very high speed down volcanic mountains |
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Definition
| a "slower" seismic wave(can not pass through liquid or solid rock) |
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| formed through the deposition of sediment transported by water, ice, or wind, which then hardens to form rock(ex:limestone and shale) |
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| movement of energy along or within Earth's surface caused by movement of tectonic plates |
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| any of various instruments for measuring and recording the vibrations of earthquakes |
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Definition
| the drawing that a seismograph makes during an earthquake |
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Definition
| mixture of organic materials, rocks, and clay |
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| The area where a plate moves under an overriding plate |
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Definition
| the seismic wave that causes the damage on the surface of the Earth |
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Definition
| a large section of the lithosphere that is capable of movement due to tectonics and forces within the Earth |
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Definition
| a boundary where two tectonic plates are sliding passed one another |
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Definition
| a destructive sea-wave caused by an undersea earthquake |
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Definition
| primary, secondary, and surface waves |
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Definition
| geologic feature that releases molten rock |
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Definition
| frequency, wavelength, amplitude, and speed |
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