EARTHQUAKE

The sudden movement of the rocks that make up the earths crust.

The ground shakes or vibrates. 

They can be very weak or very stong. 

They can cause many buildings to fall.

EROSION

The movement of weathered rock. 

Erosion happens very slowly

LANDFORMS

Land features on earth.

Examples are:  mountain,  valley,  lake, river

LAVA

Melted rock that flows onto land.

It is very hot.

It comes out of a volcano or crack in the earth's surface.

MAGMA

A type of melted rock found inside the earth.

It cools and hardens very slowly. 

Granite is an example of MAGMA.

VOLCANO

Is a Mountain that builds up around an opening in the earth's crust.

It may explode - this can change the land quickly.

WEATHERING

Rocks break down into smaller pieces.

It happens very slowly - you don't see it.

MOUNTAIN

The tallest landform.

It has steep sides and a pointed top.

VALLEY

The low land between hills or mountains.

CANYON

A deep valley with steep sides.

Rivers often flow through them.

PLAIN

Land that is wide and flat

RIVER

A large body of moving water.

PLATEAU

Land with steep sides and a FLAT top.

It is higher than the land around it.

COAST

Land that borders the ocean

PENINSULA

Land surrounded by water on 3 sides.

Florida is a peninsula

CONTINENT

A VERY LARGE area of land.

There are 7 continents on Earth.

North America (where we live), South America, Europe. etc.

LANDSLIDE

The quick movement of rocks and soil down a hill.

A landslide can cause a hill or mountain to change quickly.

How much of the earth is covered by water?

three fourths (75%)

How does a volcanic mountain form?

Melted rock (MAGMA) from inside the earth flows onto earth's surface through cracks in the crust.

The meleted rock that flows onto land is called LAVA.

The LAVA builds up in layers and forms a mountain.

COMPARE / CONTRAST WEATHERING AND EROSION

COMPARE: 

• It happens slowly.
• Caused by wind and moving water.

CONTRAST: 

• Weathering breaks rock down.
• Erosion carries the rock away.
• Living things can cause weathering (plants growing in rock splitting the rocks apart, animals diging in dirt bringing up rocks that are then weathered.

HOW CAN COLD WEATHER AND RAIN CAUSE A ROCK TO BREAK APART

Rain and snow can enter small cracks in rocks.  When the water freezes it expands and causes the cracks to widen.

Over repeated freezing and thawing of ice, a rock can break apart.

When you drop a pebble in water - what is similar to what happens to the earth's crust in an earthquake?

The movement travels in waves out from the center through the surrounding land around it.  

The vibration weakens as it travels further away from the center.

NAME ONE THING THAT CAN CAUSE EARTH'S FEATURES TO CHANGE:

Earthquake:  can cause parts of mountains to fall.

Landslide:  can cause mountains or hills to slip away and change.

Flood:  can wash land away quickly and change.

Volcano:  if it explodes, it can blow away part of the mountain.

EARTH'S COOL THIN TOP LAYER IS CALLED?

crust

THE CENTER OF THE EARTH IS CALLED?

The core.  It is the deepest and hottest layer of earth.

NAME EXAMPLES OF FRESH WATER ON THE EARTH

Rivers, streams, lakes (MOST lakes are fresh water, some can be salt water)

Fresh water means there is no SALT in the water.

LAND FEATURES IN THE OCEAN ARE:

1. Continental Shelf
2. Abyssal Plain
   
3. Trench