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Definition
| Charles Lyell-Doctrine that processes observed today, operating over great spans of time, give rise to large scale changes on Earth. Includes: uniformity of law, process, rate and conditions. 1830 |
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| Georges Cuvier- Changes in the Earth have involved sudden events, by processes that are not occuring today. |
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| analysis of rock components by light emitted from glowing rock |
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Term
| The concept of heliocentricity |
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Definition
Pythagoras- 580 BC
Copernicus- 1473 AD |
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Definition
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| Milky Way galaxy has how many stars? |
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Definition
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| When objects move away, visible light moves to the red end of the spectrum by the Doppler effect |
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Definition
| Inferred from current expansion observed in red shift of distant galaxies. T=0.1S, t=>10^11 K |
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Term
| Common feature in old stars/galaxies |
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Definition
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Term
| What is required to make elements? |
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Definition
| High T and P (for longer than occured during B.B.) |
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Definition
| Gas is pulled together by gravity, which increases T. |
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Term
| Fusion of molecules to make elements: |
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Definition
Fusion of H to make He
" " He to make C
C to make O |
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Definition
| Detected by Bell Lab & Princeton in 1965 |
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Definition
| universe expanded from a hot and dense initial consition and continues to expand today. |
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| How do we know about the big bang? |
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Definition
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| What processes occurred during the big bang? |
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Definition
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| How are heavy atoms created in our universe? |
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Definition
| formed from intense energy released during star explosion- Supernova |
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| Why did the processes that made heavy atoms have to occur before earth formed? |
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Definition
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| How did the materials that formed earth get here? |
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Definition
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| How do uniformitarianism and catastrophism affect ideas of geology and evolution? |
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Definition
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| What major events are associated with w/ large impacts? |
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Definition
| tsunami waves, intense heat/fire, craters, extinctions, shocked quartz formed |
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| What is impact frustration? |
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Definition
| Life has formed many times but was repeatedly wiped out due to impacts |
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Term
| How unique is the earth likely to be in the universe? How unique is life on earth? |
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Definition
| tilt,distance from sun, ability to hold onto N, O, radiation |
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Term
| How/when did the moon form? |
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Definition
| Mars sized asteroid collided w/ earth, formed dust clound which became the moon |
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Term
| Where do our oceans/atmosphere come from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do we know about the KT extinction? |
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Definition
| wiped out 90% of living species, dinos gone. small mammals, verts survived |
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| What scientific ideas do we have about the dino extinction? |
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Definition
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| Is it possible that dinos could have lived to today or did evolution ensure extinction? |
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Definition
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| How do we know how old the earth is? |
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Definition
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| How do geologists measure time in rocks? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the ideas underlying relative time? What is absolute time? |
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Definition
relative time- using the fossil record/strata to date things
absolute time- using radioactive dating, uses physics |
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Term
| What are major domains of life? What is the common ancestor? |
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Definition
| eukarya, eubacteria, archaea. Proks? |
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| What are archaea, bacteria and euks? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does life form- what are building blocks, metabolic processes? |
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Definition
nucleic acids, lipids, proteins, carbs.
metabolism |
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Term
| endosymbiotic hypothesis? |
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Definition
| mitochondria and plastids were once separate from cells |
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Definition
| earth froze over 2-4 times, proof bc of glaciers on equator, caco3 layer and marine rock with no photosyn. CO2 build up caused global warming |
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Term
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Definition
high levels of iridium
shoocked quartz
tektites
global soot layer
mega tsunami deposits
yucatan crater |
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Term
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Definition
short existence
spacially wide occuring
abundant
likelihood of preservation
bones, shells
low on food chain |
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Term
| Permian triassic boundary |
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Definition
90-96% wiped out
hypothesis- oceans level lowering, anoxia |
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