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| For a chemical system to be alive it must be able to grow and have the capacity to reproduce. |
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| determining the order of the nucleotide bases in DNA |
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| Are organisms that thrive in physically or geochemically extreme conditions. |
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Microbes that require salt concentrations up to 5 times greater than found in ocean water. |
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| Extremophiles found in many environments (without oxygen) that manufacture organic compounds from inorganic compounds. |
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| The Hadean Eon is named after the god Hades, which is Greek for Underworld, and generally refers to the chaotic conditions on the early Earth. |
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| During this time the Earth's crust cooled and rocks and continental plates began to form. 300 million years-in the Earth's magnetic field was established, protecting the early planet from intense solar winds capable of stripping away any atmosphere which existed |
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| The Proterozoic Eon11 is the largest classified time period extending 2 billion years. The name Proterozoic is Greek for earlier life. |
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| During this time the Earth's landmass was broken up into a substantial number of relatively small continents. Towards the end of the era, around 251 million years ago, sophisticated reptiles and the first modern plants had developed. |
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| The Mesozoic Era13 is the second period during the Phanerozoic Eon and extended from 251–65 million years ago. This was the Age of Dinosuars6 but also a time of intense tectonic, climatic, and evolutionary activity |
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| The Cenozoic Era is the current and most recent of the three Phanerozoic geological eras and covers the period from 65.5 million years ago to the present. |
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| When we observe rock layers that have been deposited without any kind of interruption |
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Represent a long period during which deposition stopped, erosion removed previously formed rocks, and then deposition resumed. |
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Snowball Earth hypothesis
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| Earth's surface became entirely or nearly entirely frozen at least once, some time earlier than 650 million years ago |
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| By producing oxygen, were essentially responsible for what was likely the largest extinction event in Earth's history. |
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| The supercontinent Rodinia existed between 1100 and 750 million years ago |
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| This major environmental change happened around 2.4 billion years ago. The rising oxygen levels may have wiped out a huge portion of the Earth's anaerobic inhabitants at the time. From their perspective it was a catastrophe |
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| Deforestation, clearance, clearcutting or clearing is the removal of a forest or stand of trees from land which is then converted to a non-forest use. |
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| Theres no such thing as away |
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| A change in the state of a component is "sensed" throughout the system and affects every other component. |
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| is the idea that Earth has been affected in the past by sudden, short-lived, violent events, possibly worldwide in scope. |
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| is the idea that Earth has been changed profoundly over time by slow and continuous processes. |
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Uniformitarianism
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| is the idea that the same natural laws that operated in Earth's past are operating today. |
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Matter and energy
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| are moved throughout each of Earth’s components due to uneven distributions of heat above or below ground |
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| Carbon can be found in two forms, organic and inorganic |
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Global Wind Patterns
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| The Coriolis Effect- the deflection in a fluid moving above the earth’s surface due to the earth’s rotation |
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Law of Superposition
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| In any sequence of undeformed sedimentary rocks, the oldest rock is always at the bottom and the youngest is at the top. |
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| Principle of Original Horizontality |
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Sediment, when deposited, forms nearly horizontal layers because of gravity. |
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| Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationships |
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| When a fault or an intrusive igneous rock cuts through existing sedimentary rocks, it must be younger than the structure it cuts. |
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| Has three parts Triassic,Jurassic,Cretaceous |
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Components of Earth
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| atmosphere, hydrosphere,cryosphere,geosphere and biosphere |
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Earth source of energy
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| sources of earth's energy come from the sun and radioactive elements |
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| Refers to any dangerous meteorological phenomenon with the potential to cause damage, social disruption, or loss of human life. |
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| Warm water currents move from the equator toward the poles Cold water currents move from the poles toward the equator |
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| Areas along the coast have wetter climates with milder temperatures than inland areas with similar latitudes |
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| is the amount of water vapor in the air compared with the amount that air can hold at a given temperature |
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Carbon is the basic building block of all living (organic) things on Earth
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| Habitable zones are geographies where conditions are right to support complex life |
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| a measure of the amount of water vapor in the air which can be measured by a psychrometer |
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| study of prehistoric life |
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| The study of the evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms. |
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