Term
| Know what to call liquid hot rock underground versus on the surface. |
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Definition
underground - magma surface - lava |
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Term
Know what to call an igneous rock that cooled and crystallized underground and what to call one that formed on the surface and what their relative crystal sizes are.
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Definition
intrusive igneous rocks (plutonic rock) - larger crystal and underground extrusive igneous rocks (volcanic rock) - smaller crystal and surface, cools faster |
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Term
| Know the five principal igneous rock textures and their definitions. |
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Definition
glassy - no crystals aphanitic - crystals too small to see phaneritic - crystals visible pegmatitic - crystals are larger than 1 in across porphyritic - large crystals surrounded by small crystals |
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Term
| What are the two most common gasses dissolved in magma, and what implications do they have for the Earth’s early atmosphere? |
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Definition
80% of gases are water and CO2 largest gas ouput from volcaones is water, 2nd is CO2, no O oceans and atmospheric water was low to begin with and increased overtime Co2 increased over time, there was no oxygen |
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Term
| Know the names of the phaneritic, aphanitic, and glassy igneous rocks which form from each magma type. |
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Definition
basaltic(mafic)/phanetic(largest crystal) - gabbro basaltic(mafic)/apanitic(smallest crystal) - basalt basaltic(mafic)/glassy(no crystal) - obsidian andestic(inter)/phanetic(largest crystal) - diorite andestic(inter)/apanitic(smallest crystal) - andesite andestic(inter)/glassy(no crystal) - obsidian rhyolitic (felsic)/phanetic(largest crystal) - granite rhyolitic (felsic)/apanitic(smallest crystal) - rhyolite rhyolitic (felsic)/glassy(no crystal) - obsidian |
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Term
| What are the three main pieces of information we can get from Bowen’s reaction series? |
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Definition
- can tell us the order in which minerals crystallize form a melt - can tell us the order in which minerals will melt when heated - can tell us which minerals are most likely to be stable at the surface |
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Term
Know how to tell the difference between an igneous sill and a lava flow that has been buried. |
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Definition
sill - burn the land above and below lava - only the botom |
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Term
Know the definition of the following terms and be able to identify them in a picture/illustration: country rock, plug (a.k.a. volcanic neck), sill, dike, baked zone, xenolith. |
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Definition
Country rock is a geological term meaning the rock native to an area A volcanic plug, also called a volcanic neck or lava neck, is a volcanic landform created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano A sill is a tabular pluton that has intruded between older layers of sedimentary rock, beds of volcanic lava or tuff, or even along the direction of foliation in metamorphic rock. A dike in geology is a type of sheet intrusion referring to any geologic body that cuts discordantly across planar wall rock structures, such as bedding or foliation massive rock formations, like igneous/magmatic intrusions and salt diapirs.
A xenolith is a rock fragment which becomes enveloped in a larger rock during the latter's development and hardening. |
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