Term
| What is the largest reservoir of fresh water and what is the largest reservoir of useable fresh water? |
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Definition
Glacial Ice
Largest usable reservoir: groundwater |
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Term
| Know the definitions of the following terms: groundwater, porosity, permeability, zone of aeration, water table, zone of saturation, infiltration, aquifer, aquiclude. |
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Definition
Groundwater: water in the zone of saturation
Porosity: the space between solid particles of soil or rock that can be filled by fluids
Permeability: the ease with which fluids can pas through a body of soil or rock
Zone of Aeration: above the zone of saturation
Water Table: separates zones
Zone of Saturation: where the groundwater is
Infiltration: movement of water from the surface to the ground
Aquifer: a body of soil or rock that can hold a useable amount of water
Aquiclude:a body of soil that blocks the flow of water |
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Term
| Know how groundwater flows around a stream. |
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Definition
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Term
| Know the difference between zones of recharge and discharge, and similarly the difference between gaining streams and loosing streams. |
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Definition
Recharge: water goes from surface to ground
Discharge: ground to surface |
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Term
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Definition
Q=KIA
discharge = permeability times hydraulic gradient times cross sectional area the groundwater is passing through |
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Term
| Know how you can get a perched water table, artesian well, or spring. |
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Definition
Perched water table created by an aquiclude lens overlying the main water table.
Artesian well flows w/o pumping, created by drilling into a confined aquifer whose pressure head is above surface.
Spring created by a perched water table intersecting the surface. |
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Term
| Know the difference between a confined and an unconfined aquifer. |
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Definition
Confined: rock below and above (safer)
Unconfined: surface |
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Term
| Know the term for the shape that forms around an actively pumping well. |
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Definition
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Term
| Know what is happening to the Ogallala aquifer. |
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Definition
| Water table draw down, 10ft/decade |
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Term
| If all pumping on the Ogallala aquifer was stopped today, how long would it take for the water table to rebound to pre-pumping levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| Besides water table drawdown, what other problems can overpumping an aquifer cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| Know the major sources of groundwater contamination. |
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Definition
Landfills
Pesticides/fertilizers
Leaking underground storage tank (#1) |
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Term
| Know what type of rock solution caves are formed in, the difference between stalagmites and stalactites, and how sinkholes are formed. |
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Definition
Limestone
Stalagmite: ground
Stalactite: ceiling
Sinkholes are formed by roof of cave caving in |
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