Term
| Know the differences between weathering, erosion, deposition, and lithification. |
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Definition
Weathering - the breaking down of rock into smaller (sediment) Erosion - the movement of sediment from one place to another Deposition - the placement of sediment at a new location |
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Term
| Know the two different types of weathering and what causes them. |
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Definition
Weathering chemical - rocks dissolved (in water) into individual molecules/especially effective if the water is acidic or hot Weathering mechanica - rock is physically broken into smaller pieces/happens form impact, thermal expansion, frost wedging |
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Term
| What are the four agents of erosion, and which is most important on Earth? |
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Definition
| water, wind, gravity, ice |
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Term
| Know the three ways of transporting (=eroding) weathered material in water. |
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Definition
bed load - rolls or bounces along the bottom suspended load - turbulence in water keeps smaller sized particles in the water and off the bottom dissolved load - rock material is dissolved into individual molecules and transported in solution |
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Term
| Know the two types of deposition and the names of the two types of sedimentary rocks they produce. |
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Definition
chemical deposition - dissolved molecules in water reaches saturation and begins to precipitate out of water/makes chemical sedimentary rock Clastic (detrital) deposition - rock pieces being eroded without being dissolved in water get deposited/makes a clastic sedimentary rock |
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Term
Know the names for the different relative sizes of detritus (detrital sediment=clastic sediment), and the name of the rock made from the lithification of each size classification |
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Definition
clay/silt/sand/pebble/cobble/boulder mud sized - mudstone or shale silt sized - sandstone rounded pebbles - conglomerate sharp agular pebbles - breccia |
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Term
| Know the environment of deposition for each of the clastic sedimentary rocks. |
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Definition
- need high energy to move large particles, and need low energy to deposit small particles - pebble sized larger dposited in floods, debris flows, and mountain streams - sand sized fround at the base of moutainous areas, fast moving stream beads, beaches - silt must have slow moving or still water to deposit, usually near shore - clay must have still water to drop out, usually deep calm water from shore |
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Term
| Know the names for the major chemical sedimentary rocks based on their mineral composition. |
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Definition
Carbonates - CaCO3 -> Limestone - (Ca, Mg) -> Dolostone Silicates - SiO2 -> Chert (including flint, jasper, and agate) Evaporites - rock salt - rock gypsum |
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Term
| Know the environment of deposition for the evaporites and carbonates. |
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Definition
evaporites require a body of water with high evaporation rate, usually need a "closed basin" where water can run in but can't run out limestone forms very slowly and will get overhwlmed by any clastic particles, need water with no clastics either far from shroe or in areas with no clastic inputs |
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Term
What happened at Lake Peigneur, LA.? a) What was being mined there? b) What happened to the lake? c) Who's fault was it? |
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Definition
Petroleum an almost 10ft deep freshwater lake into a salt water lake with a deep hole Texaco |
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Term
Know how sorting, roundness, and size of clastic particles can help determine environment or distance of erosion. |
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Definition
well sorted - particles all of the same size, constant energy level moderately sorted - particles all of the same size, energy fluctuates within a certain range poorly sorted - particles of very different sizes, energy levels fluctuates drastically over tiem or the material has been dropped all at once rock clasts usually start out large and angular/as they are eroded, sharper edges get worn down quickly/ the farth clasts have been eroded fromt he site of weather, the rounder smaller they tend to be |
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Term
| Know the three ways lithification (=diagenesis) takes place. |
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Definition
Compaction Cementation Recrystallization |
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Term
| Know the significance of the following sedimentary features: Rhythmic layers, cross bedding, graded bedding, ripple marks, mud cracks. |
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Definition
rhythmic layers - repeated sequences of sedimentary rock cross bedding - lineation inside layers of rock that go across the rock ripples graded bedding - layers of sedimentary rock with coarse clasts at the bottom fining upward raindrop impressions mudcracks |
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