Be able to draw and label the rock cycle.

Be able to identify these volcanic events given a description of their main characteristics:

a.       Mammoth Lakes California - ongoing

b.      Mt. Pinatubo - 1991

c.       Lake Nyos - 1986

d.      Hawaii - 1983

e.       Mt. Paracutin – 1943-52

f.       Mt. Pele - 1902

g.      Tambora – 1815

h.      Yellowstone – 150,000 B.P.

i.        Toba Lake 70,000 B.P.

j.        Vesuvius – 79 AD

a) Mammoth Lakes California - CO2 gas emisson

b) Mt. Pinatubo - shoots straight up, passes troposphere, around equator

c) Lake Nyos - 1700 died, 7000 cattle dead CO2 built up in lake

d) Hawaii - biggest volcano, volcano with gentle lava

e) Mt. Paracutin - one of the smallest, shortest life

f) Mt. Pele - St. Pierre , 1 person survived Nuee Ardente glowing cloud

g) Tumbora - near equator, shoots straight up, year of no summer 1816

h) yellowstone whole park is caldera, phitmatic explosion, magma blows rocks away

i) Toba lake - 6 years after explosion chilled planet, 10,000 interbreeding bigger than yellowstone

j) versuvias - sill active, spewed ashes

vicosity of the lava, which is influenced by temperature, chemisty, and dissolved gas

Higher Temp - Lower Vicosity

Higher Chem Silica - Higher Vicosity

Higher gas - Lower Vicosity 

What are the three types of magma and which has the highest and lowest of the following: viscosity, gas content, silica content, ability to form pyroclasts (explosiveness).

mafic(basaltic) - least silica - least viscous - least gas - least pyroclast

Intermediate(andestive) - mid silica - mid viscous - mid gas - some pyroclast

felsic(rhyolitic) - most silica - most viscous - most gas - most pyroclast

 Know what type of volcano or volcanic feature can each of the above magma types produce, and be able to identify each type by a description of their characteristics.

mafic - shield volcano, basalt plateaus, cinder cones - tephra cones

intermediate - composite cones - strato volcano

felsic - volcanic domes, composite cones, pyroclastic flows

shield volcano are formed by balsaltic lava, gentle slopes 5 - 10 deg

tephra (cinder) cones are formed by andestic to basaltic lava slopes 25 - 35 deg

strato volcano - composite volcano, emit both tephra and viscous lava, slopes 10-30 deg major continental volcanoes

In general, which volcano type is largest and which is smallest?

shield volcano - largest

tephra cone (cinder) - smallest

 Know the names of the two types of lava flows, and be able to identify them from a description or photos.

non-explosive eruptions lava flows

pahoehoe - smooth and rope

aa - sharp and blocky

What are the main forms of pyroclasts? Know their order from smallest to largest.

ash - lapilli

cinder - bombs

What is the most deadly manifestation of a volcanic eruption?

 Besides lava flows and pyroclasts what other hazards can volcanoes produce?

earthquakes (landslides)

poisonous and suffocating gas

acid lakes

lahars (not mud flows)

caldera collapes

snakes

lateral blast

 Besides the common eruptive characteristics, by what other physical surface features can magma near the surface express itself?

geysers and hot springs

travertine terraces

fumaroles/gases