Term
What does the word "ATOM" mean, and is it appropriate for what we call atoms?
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Definition
Atom - indivisible it is not appropriate |
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Term
Know the names of the three subatomic particles and know their electric charges and if they exist in the nucleus or outer shell of the atoms.
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Definition
Protons (+) Neutrons (0) Electrons (-) |
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Term
Which are heavier, the particles that make up the atom's nucleus or its outer shell?
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Definition
| the particles that make up the atom's nucleus are heavier |
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Term
| Do fission and fusion involve the nucleus of the atom or its outer shell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do chemical reactions involve the nucleus of the atom or its outer shell? |
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Definition
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Term
| If an atom has one electron in its outer shell, and that shell can hold eight electrons, what might that atom do to be "more comfortable"? |
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Definition
| lose 1 electron, +1 charge |
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Term
| If an atom has six electrons in its outer shell, and that shell can hold eight electrons, what might that atom do to be "more comfortable"? |
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Definition
| gain 2 electron, -2 charge |
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Term
| Know the definition of an ion and an isotope. |
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Definition
ion - atoms with an unequal number of p+ and e- cation - positive, anion - negative isotope - atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons |
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Term
| What are the two most abundant elements in the Universe? |
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Definition
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Term
| Know the six most abundant elements in the Earth's crust, in order of abundance (by weight percent). |
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Definition
Oxygen - 46.6% Silicon - 27.7% Aluminum 8.1% Iron 5.0% Calcium 3.6% Sodium - 2.8% Potassium 2.6% Magnesium - 2.1% Total - 98.5% |
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Term
What are the two most abundant elements in the Earth's core? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the hypothesis that explains the origin of the Solar System and who first proposed it? |
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Definition
Nebular Hypothesis Immanuel Kant/Pierre - Simon LaPlace |
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Term
How old do scientists believe the Earth and Solar System to be?
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Definition
Earth - 4.5 billion years Solar System - 14 billion years |
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Term
What are the three main types of chemical bonding? |
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Definition
| ionic bonding, covalent bonding, Van der Walls bonds |
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Term
| Know the definitions of elements, compounds, and molecules. |
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Definition
elements - most fundamental substance matter can be separated into by ordinary chemical means compounds - one or more kinds of anion combined with one or more kinds of cation in a specific ratio molecule - the smallest unit that retains all the properties of a compound |
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Term
| Know the definition of a mineral. |
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Definition
naturally occuring inorganic solid orderly internal structure (crystalline) chemical composition and physical properties that are fixed or vary within a defined range |
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Term
| Be able to explain why ice or glass is or is not a mineral. |
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Definition
ice has specific properities and specified chemical composition glass has specified chemical composition |
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Term
| Know the main physical properties used to identify minerals and their characteristics. |
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Definition
color specific gravity luster crystal form cleavage fracture hardness streak |
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