Shared Flashcard Set

Details

early reneissance
revival
32
Art History
Undergraduate 1
11/25/2008

Additional Art History Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
[image]
Definition

**Nicola Pisano, Nativity, Pisa Baptistery Pulpit, 1259/60 [For Pisa Baptistery, see p. 508]

 

Inscription: “In the year 1260 Nicola Pisano carved this noble work.  May so greatly gifted a hand be praised as it

deserves.”

  • Reneissance as revival to antiquity
  • blend of naturalism and ideal types
  • scene's emphazise Christ's infancy, revelation of divinity, and sacrifice
  • massive drapery
  • Madonna - Graeco-Roman head dress
Term
[image]
Definition

Giovanni Pisano, The Annunciation, Nativity, and Annunciation to the Shepherds, Pistoia Pulpit, S. Andrea, 1297-1301

 

  • Marble relief by Giovanni Pisano, the son of Nicola, displays the human emotion and expression that begins to characterize humanism.
  • more naturalistic figures, supple and slender bodies, clothed in curvy drapery
Term
  • [image]
Definition

Bardi St. Francis Master (Bonaventura Berlinghieri?), St. Francis with Scenes from his life, Santa Croce

 

  • scenes from the life of St. Francis

Term
[image]
Definition

Coppo di Marcovaldo, Crucifix, c.1250-70

 
  • in the upper part a representation of the Ascension can be seen with a Blessing Christ on top of it.
  • At the end of the left arm of the cross Madonna with St John; at the right rep. of pious women
  • new solidity and humanity to the Byzantine tradition
  • one of the founders of Sienese school
  • oil on canvas

Term
[image]
Definition

St. Francis Master, Miracle of the Crib at Greccio, Upper Church, San Francesco, Assisi, c.1290s

  • realistic  depiction

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Duccio, Maestà, Siena Cathedral, high altarpiece, 1308-1311

 

  • Enthroned Virgin and Child (front main panel)
  • throne - central axis of composition
  • The angels, perfectly distributed spatially, acquire greater naturalness around the throne
  • The fabric of the garments and the backcloth axe embroidered with a continuous small golden pattern which gives the effect of real material
  • Inscription:  “Holy Mother of God, Grant peace to Siena and life to Duccio for having painted thee thus.
  • progressive abandonment of the more conservative forms (rigid head and shoulders posture of Eastern tradition and light and shade treatment from Cimabue), giving place to innovating trends in painting: curving outlines, delicate colouring and intimacy of gesture.
Term
[image]
Definition

Duccio, Nativity (with prophets Isaiah and Ezekiel), detail from front predella of Maestà

 

  • 13088/1311
  • tempera on single panel
  • The Nativity, flanked by Old Testament prophets who foretold the birth of Jesus, was on the front of the Maestà, the altarpiece at Siena cathedral. It was one of the scenes from Christ’s childhood painted above and below the central image of Mary enthroned in a crowd of saints and angels.
  • A blend of Byzantine and other influences characterizes Duccio’s style. Many of his motifs seem to be based on Byzantine manuscript illuminations. The cave setting, for example, is typically Byzantine. Duccio, however, added a manger roof similar to ones found in the Gothic art of northern Europe. Though he used the gold background of Byzantine painting, he was nevertheless keenly attuned to a specific sense of place, carefully repeating outdoor settings to give continuity from one scene to the next. While the effect of gold and brilliant colors is highly decorative, the elegant lines that define drapery folds and Duccio’s undulating brushstrokes soften the austerity of the Byzantine style.
Term
[image]
Definition

Ambrogio Lorenzetti, Allegory and Effects of Good Government, Palazzo Pubblico, Siena, 1338-40

  • one of the most remarkable accomplishments of the Renaissance - is the fresco series that lines three walls of the room in the PalazzoThe composition is built up from three horizontal bands. In the foreground the figures of contemporary Siena are represented. Behind them, on a stage, there are allegoric figures in two groups, representing the Good Government. The two groups are connected by the procession of the councillors. The upper band indicates the heavenly sphere with the floating bodyless ghosts of the virtues.
  • The enthroned man on the right side of the middle band represents the city of Siena and embodies the Good Government. Around his head the four letters C S C V (Commune Saenorum Civitatis Virginis) explain his identity. At his feet the two plating children are the sons of Remus, Ascius and Senius, the founders of Siena according to the Roman legends. On both sides of Siena the virtues of Good Government are represented by six crowned, stately female figures: Peace, Fortitude and Prudence on the left, Magnanimity, Temperance and Justice on the right. On the far left of the fresco the figure of Justice is repeated as she is balancing the scales held by Wisdom.
Term
[image]
Definition

[Duccio, Ruccellai Madonna, c.1285]

 

The brilliance of colour, the curving outlines and the sinuous movement of the gilded edging of Mary's cloak are all new. 

 

The iconographical interpretation is also new in that the angels holding up the throne no longer form the crowning part of a solemn and magnificent background but are all looking towards the Virgin in attitudes of intense emotional participation.

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

Cimabue, Virgin and Child Entrhoned (Sta. Trinita Madonna), c.1280

 

  • tempera on oil
  • influenced by the formal style of Byzantine painting
  • Cimabue's composition attempts to indicate three-dimensional space by placing the wooden throne at an angle. The Child clings to his mother's hand like a small baby, instead of raising his hand in the gesture of blessing usually seen in Byzantine art.

 

 

Term
Definition

Giotto, Virgin and Child Entrhoned (Ognissanti Madonna), c. 1305-10

Term
 
 
 
Italo-Byzantine style
Definition

Bonaventura Berlinghieri's altarpiece of Saint Francis is painted in the Italo-Byzantine style, which is characterized by a strict formality, a linear flatness, a shallow space, and an emphasis on the spiritual.

 

[image]

Term

 

 

Grisalle 

Definition

is a term for painting executed entirely in monochrome, usually in shades of grey or brown, particularly used in decoration to represent objects in relief.

 

[image]

fresco that appears to have relief 

Term

 

 

Chiaroscuro

Definition

Chiaroscuro (Italian for light-dark) is a term in art for a contrast between light and dark. The term is usually applied to bold contrasts affecting a whole composition, but is also more technically used by artists and art historians for the use of effects representing contrasts of light, not necessarily strong, to achieve a sense of volume in modeling three-dimensional objects such as the human body.

 

[image]

Term

 

 

 

predella

Definition

the platform or step on which an altar stands

  



In painting, predella refers to the paintings or sculptures running along the frame at the bottom of an altarpiece. In later medieval and Renaissance altarpieces, where the main panel consisted of a scene with large static figures, it was normal to include a predella below with a number of small-scale narrative paintings depicting incidents from the life of the dedicatee, whether Christ, the Virgin Mary or a saint. Typically there would be three to five small scenes, in a horizontal format.

 

Term

 

 

 

 

Tempera

Definition

Tempera or "egg tempera" is a type of paint made by mixing powered pigments with egg yolks. Tempera pigments usually came from natural sources such as minerals, wood, plants or clay. Because tempera dried right away, artists had to apply it quickly with small brushstrokes. Rapid drying also made it difficult to change or correct the painting later.

 

 

Term

 

 

Altarpiece 

Definition

 

An altarpiece is a picture or relief representing a religious subject and suspended in a frame behind the altar of a church. The altarpiece is often made up of two or more separate panels created using a technique known as panel painting. It is then called a diptych, triptych or polyptych for two, three, and multiple panels respectively.

Term

 

 

Quatrefoil 

Definition

In art, the quatrefoil is a type of decorative framework (mainly used in engraving), consisting of an architectural quatrefoil combined with a square

 

Among the most famous works of art employing the quatrefoil are the bronze panels on the South Doors of the Baptistery in Florence by Andrea Pisano, the bronze panels of the North Doors of the Baptistery in Florence by Lorenzo Ghiberti, and also Filippo Brunelleschi's famous competition entry for the same doors

 

[image]

Sacrifice of Isaac- Gilberti 

Term
[image]
Definition

The Adoration of the Magi is a painting by the Italian artist Gentile da Fabriano. The work, housed in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy, is considered his finest work, and has been described as "the culminating work of International Gothic painting", 

 

The painting was commissioned by the Florentine literate and patron of the arts Palla Strozzi, at the arrival of the artist in the city in 1420. Finished three years later, it was placed in the new chapel of the church of Santa Trinita which Lorenzo Ghiberti was executing in these years.

 

The works shows both the international and Sienese schools' influences on Gentile's art, mingled with the Renaissance novelties he knew in Florence. The panel portrays the path of the three Magi, in several scenes which start from the upper left corner (the voyage and the entrance into Bethlehem) and continue clockwise, to the larger meeting with the Virgin and the newborn Jesus which occupies the lowest part of the picture. All the figures wear splendid Renaissance costumes, brocades richly decorated with real gold and precious stones inserted in the panel. Gentile's typical attention for detail is also evident in the exotic animals, such as a leopard, a dromedary, some apes and a lion, as well as the magnificent horses and a hound.

Term
[image]
Definition

**(Italian Renaissance), Masaccio, Holy Trinity, Santa Maria Novella, Florence, c.1425-27/28

 

The Holy Trinity, with the Virgin and Saint John and donors (Italian: Santa Trinità) is a famous fresco by the Early Italian Renaissance painter Masaccio. It is located in the church of Santa Maria Novella, in Florence.

 

 

A close-up view of the skeleton in the sarcophagus also revealed the ancient warning, in clear letters: I WAS WHAT YOU ARE AND WHAT I AM YOU SHALL BE.

 

Term
[image]
Definition
**Brancacci Chapel, Sta. Maria del Carmine, Florence
Term
[image]
Definition

**(Italian Renaissance), Masaccio, Expulsion, from Brancacci Chapel, 1427

Term
[image]
Definition

**(Italian Renaissance), Masaccio, The Tribute Money, from Brancacci Chapel, c. 1427

 


The figures are arranged according to horizontal lines, but the overall disposition is circular: this semicircular pattern was of classical origin (Socrates and his disciples), although it was later adopted by early Christian art (Jesus and the Apostles), and interpreted by the first Renaissance artists, such as Brunelleschi, as the geometric pattern symbolizing the perfection of the circle.

The characters are entirely classical: dressed in the Greek fashion, with tunics tied at the waist and cloaks wrapped over their left shoulder, around the back, and clasped at the front, below their left forearm. And even Peter's stance, as he extracts the coin from the fish's mouth, with his right leg bent and his left one outstretched, is reminiscent of postures of many statues by Greek artists, as well as reliefs on Etruscan funerary urns and Roman carvings.

 

Term
[image]
Definition

**(Italian Renaissance), Andrea del Castagno, Last Supper, 1445-50

 

 

 

 

Term
[image]
Definition

(Italian Renaissance), Fra Angelico, Annunciation, Monastery of San Marco, Florence, c. 1438-45

Term

[image]

Definition

**(Italian Renaissance), Piero della Francesca, Bacci Chapel, San Francesco, Arrezzo, 1454-58

 

 

Term
Definition

**(Italian Renaissance), Andrea Mantegna, frescoes in Camera Picta (Room of the Newlyweds), Ducal Palace, Mantua, 1465-74

Supporting users have an ad free experience!