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| When is the Classical period? By what major event is it defined? |
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Definition
| 480-323 BCE. The Classical period begins when the Greeks defeated the Persian invaders. |
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| What is a common theme of Classical Greek art? |
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Definition
| Sense of Hellenistic identity and nationalistic pride. |
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Name: Temple of Hera II
Location: Paestum, Italy
Significance: Modeled on Temple of Zeus and Olympia |
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Name: East Pediment from Temple of Zeus
Location: Olympia
Architect: Libon of Elis
Significance: Site of Olympic games; depicts fateful chariot race between Pelops and Oinomaos |
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Name: Seer from East Pediment at Temple of Zeus
Significance: rare depiction of old age; no Archaic smile - has a frightened expression |
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| Early Classical phase where figures display severity in their attitude and dress, which contrasts sharply with the smiling and elaborately clad figures of the Late Archaic period |
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Name: Athena, Herakles, and Atlas with the apples of Hesperides
Location: Metope from the Temple of Zeus at Olympia
Significance: good example of Severe Style |
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Name: Kritios Boy
Location: Acropolis at Athens
Significance: first statue to use contrapposto; no Archaic smile |
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Name: Riace Warrior
Location: Sea of Riace, Italy
Significance: contrapposto more pronounced than in Kritios Boy; masterpiece of bronze hollow-casting; natural motion replaced frontal Archaic style |
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Name: Charioteer
Location: Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi
Significance: use of bronze hollow-cast technique |
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Name: Zeus (Poseidon?)
Location: Cape Artemision, Greece
Significance: raised right heel indicates lightness of statue; clearly shows movement |
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Name: Diskobolos (discus thrower), Roman copy
Artist: Myron
Significance: depicts action, but the chest is frontal and reminiscent of Archaic style; composed of two intersecting arcs; faces is expressionless and keeping with Severe Style |
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Name: Doryphoros (spear bearer), aka. Canon
Artist: Polykleitos
Significance: depicts ideal human proportions; used cross balance and contrapposto to indicate harmony |
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Name: Pericles, Roman copy
Artist: Kresilas
Significance: wears the helmet of a general (strategos); shows Pericles' abnormally long skull; perfect skin makes him appear "godlike" |
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| A bust on a square pillar |
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Name: Parthenon
Architects: Iktinos and Kallikrates
Significance: Doric temple design; use of mathematical proportions; stylobate curves upward and columns lean inward to compensate for optical illusions; interior has Ionic elements |
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Name: Athena Parthenos
Artist: Phidias
Significance: made of rare chryselephantine (gold-ivory); cella had to be made wider than usual to accommodate statue's large size; holds Nike in her right hand, referring to Greek victory over Persians; her sandals have centauromachy; shield has Amazonomachy and gigantomachy |
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Name: Lapith versus centaur
Location: metope from south side of Parthenon
Artist: Phidias
Significance: extremely high relief; distinguishes between forms of life and death; centauromachy alludes to difficulty of battle and triumph of civilization over barbarism |
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Name: Helios and his horses, and Dionysos (Herakles?)
Location: east pediment of Parthenon
Artist: Phidias
Significance: horses move through bottom of pediment effortlessly; excellent use of awkward triangular pediment |
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Name: Three goddesses (Hestia, Dione, Aphrodite?)
Location: east pediment from Parthenon
Artist: Phidias
Significance: figures are relaxed, showing understanding of female anatomy; mastery of clothed forms take advantage of light and shadow |
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Name: Detail of Panathenaic Festival
Location: Ionic frieze of Parthenon
Artist: Phidias
Significance: begins very actively |
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Name: Detail of Panathenaic Festival
Location: Ionic frieze from Parthenon
Artist: Phidias
Significance: seated gods watch the procession, but do not take part in it, emphasizing importance of Athenians |
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Name: Detail of Panathenaic Festival
Location: Ionic frieze from Parthenon
Artist: Phidias
Significance: end of procession slows to a halt |
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Name: Propylaia
Location: Athenian Acropolis
Architect: Mnesikles
Significance: serves as entrance to Acropolis; split into eastern and western sections to deal with uneven ground level; Doric exterior and Ionic interior; never fully completed because outbreak of Peloponnesian War; northwest wing housed a pinakotheke (picture gallery) - first art museum |
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Name: Erechtheion
Location: Athenian Acropolis
Significance: replacement of Archaic Athena temple that Persians destroyed; honored multiple gods and heros (Erechtheus, early king of Athens, and Kekrops, legendary king who judged contest between Athena and Poseidon); Ionic design; four different side lengths deal with uneven terrain; frieze done in dark-blue limestone; incorporation of caryatids |
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Name: Caryatid
Location: south porch of the Erechtheion
Significance: slight contrapposto; flowing drapery counterbalances weight-bearing role |
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Name: Temple of Athena Nike
Location: Athenian Acropolis
Architect: Kallikrates
Significance: part of frieze refers specifically to a human event, that of Persian defeat; parapet (low wall) decorated with Nike; Ionic design |
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Name: Nike adjusting her sandal
Location: parapet from Temple of Athena Nike
Artist: Kallikrates
Significance: graceful image of an awkward action; garments cling as if Nike were wet; reveals supple beauty of female body |
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Name: Hegeso stele
Location: Dipylon grave at Athens
Significance: faces keep to Severe Style; setting is of secluded female sphere; slave and jewelry attest to wealth of Hegeso's father |
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Name: Warrior leaving his wife
Artist: Achilles Painter
Significance: shows white-ground painting; scarf, mirror, and jug indicate setting is in a home; warrior's shield has an eye, intended to ward off evil spirit; rendered eyes in profile, not frontal |
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Name: Artemis and Apollo slaying children of Niobe
Artist: Niobid Painter
Significance: shows influence of Polygnotos by depicting figures on various ground lines and interacting with setting; one son's face is drawn in 3/4 view |
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Name: Hermes bringing infant Dionysos to Papposilenos
Artist: Phiale Painter
Significance: depiction of texture of satyrs; coloration used on white-ground; landscape resembles that of Polygnotos |
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| Most famous painter during Early Classical period due to his use of multiple ground lines to create depth and incorporation of landscape elements |
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Name: Youth diving
Location: Paestum, Italy
Significance: tomb decoration; use of symbolism to show transition from one life to the next; use of trees |
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