Term
| required for fat absorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cholesterol is a precursor of: |
|
Definition
| bile acids; adrenal steroids; sex hormones |
|
|
Term
| hydrocortisone, aldosterone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| produced in the liver, intestines, adrenal glands, and reproductive organs; absorbed from multiple types of foods |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| primarily formed in the liver; contain ~20% of the total blood cholesterol and the most TG concentration in blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| contain 60-70% of total blood cholesterol; atherogenic; primary target of cholesterol-lowering |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| independent relationship with CAD; reverse cholesterol transport; deliver antioxidants to LDL; removes cholesterol from macrophages; prevents adhesion of monocytes to endothelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| plaque builds up inside your arteries decreasing blood flow to the heart and body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lipid control: stabilizes plaque |
|
Definition
| reduces inflammatory stimulation in lesion |
|
|
Term
| lipid control: stabilizes fibrous cap |
|
Definition
| allows increased collagen into intima of vessel |
|
|
Term
| lipid control: nitric oxide activity improves |
|
Definition
| decreases adhesion of leukocytes to vascular wall |
|
|
Term
| therapeutic options to enhance LDL lowering |
|
Definition
| plant stanols/sterols; viscous fiber; other dietary supplements; weight management; increased physical activity |
|
|
Term
| beneficial dietary supplements |
|
Definition
| fiber; omega-3; red yeast rice; niacin; policosanol; soy protein; plant stanols and sterols; red wine; nuts; co-enzyme Q10; olive oil |
|
|
Term
| lack clinical evidence for effectiveness in lowering LDL |
|
Definition
| garlic; guggul; acai bery; antioxidant vitamins; b vitamins; cinnamom; ginkgo; kava; vitamin c; lecithin; st johns wort |
|
|
Term
| inhibit the enzyme HMG-CoA reductase; prevents the conversion of HMG-CoA to mevalonate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| adjust if creatine clearance < 30 |
|
Definition
| Rosuvastatin; Lovastatin; Pravastatin; Simvastatin; Pitavastatin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atorvastatin, Fluvastatin, Simvastatin, Pitavastatin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rosuvastatin, Pravastatin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rosuvastatin, Fluvastatin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| atorvastatin, lovastatin, simvastatin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| glucuronidation metabolism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| achieve higher levels in non-hepatic tissues; penetrate muscle cell at a higher degree |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| simvastatin, atorvastatin, lovastatin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, pitavastatin, pravastatin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| take with evening meal to increase bioavailability |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Statins pregnancy category |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| HA, fatigue, GI intolerance, flu-like sympoms, increased blood glucose/HgA1C |
|
|
Term
| transient proteinuria and hematuria |
|
Definition
| rosuvastatin at 40 mg doses |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| general term for any muscle disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscle pain or weakness without increased creatine kinase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscle pain or weakness with increased creatine kinase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| muscle symptoms, very high CK, increased serum creatnine, dark urine and myoglobinuria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| myopathy avoidance: choose a stati nwith lower incidence |
|
Definition
| water soluble (pravastatin, rosuvastatin); modified release fluvastatin |
|
|
Term
| if benefits of statins outweigh the risk of myopathy |
|
Definition
| consider using Coenzyme Q10 (conflicting efficacy studies) |
|
|
Term
| inhibit absorption of cholesterol at the brush border of the small intestine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Available as a combination with Simvastatin (Vytorin) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| URTIs, diarrhea, arthralgias, myalgias, pain in extremities, increased risk of liver damage when taken with a statin |
|
|
Term
| bind bile acid in the intestine forming a complex which is excreted in the feces; results in partial removal of bile acids from enterohepatic circulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| constipation, GI, decreased absorption of other drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cholesevelam (Welchol); Cholestyramine (Questran); Cholestipol (Cholestid) |
|
|
Term
| available as suspension; also approved for Type II Diabetes; pregnancy category B |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| also approved for pruritus associated with partial biliary obstruction; sipping or holding the suspension in your mouth can lead to tooth decay |
|
Definition
| Cholestyramine (Questran) |
|
|
Term
| Daily or BID; available as tablets or granules (BA sequestrant) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| enhanced elimination and decreased synthesis of vLDL and increased HDL (PAR Alpha Activators) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased LFT, increased CPK, gallstones in the gallbladder; may increase risk of myopathy when used with a statin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| severe liver, renal, or gallbladder disease; nursing mothers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fenofibrate (Tricor, Trillpix); Gemfibrozil (Lopid) |
|
|
Term
| Only fibrate approved to be used with a statin; beneficial in treating high TG |
|
Definition
| Fenofibrate (Tricor, Trillpix) |
|
|
Term
| decrease the rate of hepatic synthesis of vLDL and LDL; increases the rate of chylomicron removal from the plasma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flushing; pruritus; diarrhea; hyperglycemia; hyperuricemia/gout; hepatotoxicity; hypertension |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acute liver disease; PUD; Gout |
|
|
Term
| take with dinner; has the most pruritus and flush; OTC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increase monthly, max 2 grams; the most expensive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| has the most hepatotoxicity; OTC |
|
Definition
| Controlled Release (Slow-Niacin) |
|
|
Term
| indicated in patients with TG > 500; anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| burping, dyspepsia, taste perversions, arthralgias, may prolong bleeding time |
|
|
Term
| contains 465 mg EPA and 275 DHA |
|
Definition
| Omega 3 Acid Ethyl Esters (Lovaza) |
|
|
Term
| ethyl ester to the omega-3 fatty acid EPA |
|
Definition
| Icosapent ethyl (Vascepa) |
|
|
Term
| Pts with clinical ASCVD and are 75 years and below |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patients with clinical ASCVD and are > 75 years old |
|
Definition
| moderate intensity statin |
|
|
Term
| individuals with LDL > or equal to 190 mg/dL |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type 1 or 2 diabetics between 40-75 years with a 10 year risk > or equal to 7.5% |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Type 1 or 2 diabetics between 40-75 years with a 10 year risk < 7.5% |
|
Definition
| moderate intensity statin |
|
|
Term
| individuals 40-75 years with a 10 year risk of CV events > or equal to 7.5% |
|
Definition
| moderate to high intensity statin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atorvastatin 40-80 mg; Rosuvastatin 20-40 mg |
|
|
Term
| Moderate Intensity Statins |
|
Definition
Atorvastatin 10-20 mg; Rosuvastatin 5-10 mg; simvastatin 20-40 mg; pravastatin 40-80 mg
lovastatin 40 mg; fluvastatin 80 mg; pitavastatin 2-4 mg |
|
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