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Dynamics
Exam 2
70
Other
Not Applicable
11/09/2006

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Term
SYMBOLIC INTERACTION THEORY
Definition
-Theory is more cognitive
-Interest lies in how people and families perceive what is happening
-Focuses on connection between symbols and interactions
-Used to understand “how humans, in concert with one another, create symbolic worlds, and how these worlds, in turn, shape human behavior”
Term
george herbert mead
Definition
founding father of symbolic interaction theory
Term
Charles cooley
Definition
the “looking glass self” and other self concepts
Term
william isaac thomas
Definition
“definition of the situation”
Term
robert park
Definition
investigated people in the social process of constructing lives and social relations
Term
ernest burgess
Definition
first to apply symbolic interaction to families
Term
herbert blumer
Definition
organized symbolic interaction into the theory (student of George Mead)
Term
Reuben Hill
Definition
analyzed family crisis from symbolic interaction perspective
Term
assumptions of symbolic interaction theory
Definition
1. Nature of Interaction – People are constantly undergoing changes in interaction
2. Humans act in the present according to the definition of the situation & this definition is shaped by recall & past experiences
3. Humans are unpredictable & they are free to make decisions which are based on interaction
Term
Self (SYMB INT)
Definition
persons’ capacity to step outside selves & treat themselves as an object of the environment; self is defined socially, and like all other objects, the self experiences change
Term
looking glass self (SYMB INT)
Definition
image of our self that is a reflection of what others tell us about our self
imagination of our appearance to the other person
imagination of his/her judgment of that appearance
some sort of feeling
emerges in primary groups, those that are small, personal and offer opportunity for intimate and cooperative ties (e.g., families)
Term
I-Self (SYMB INT)
Definition
impulsive, spontaneous, unpredictable part of self; no matter how much we are socialized, a part of us is always “untouched by human hands”
Term
Me-Self (SYMB INT)
Definition
what most people see; takes into account personal thoughts & goals, competencies & environment
Term
Meaningful Behavior (SYMB INT)
Definition
behavior preceded by thought, which holds meaning for the actor; thought directed by the “me” part of the self
Term
Nonmeaningful Behavior (SYMB INT)
Definition
spontaneous, reflexive behavior sometimes driven by emotion and not preceded by thought or does not consider others; directed by “I” part of self
Term
mind (SYMB INT)
Definition
ability that people have to make indications to themselves before acting; conversations with ourselves; manipulation of symbols, made possible by learning those symbols and the development of self, that makes the mind; not same as “brain”
Term
perspective (SYMB INT)
Definition
point of view; a bias containing assumptions, value judgments and ideas; no way one person can see whole picture because always focus on some stimuli while ignoring others; help to make sense of what is out there
Term
definition of situation (SYMB INT)
Definition
W.I. Thomas: “If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences”
Term
Role (SYMB)
Definition
shared norms applied to the occupants of social positions; systems of meaning that enable role occupants and others whom they interact with to anticipate future behaviors and to maintain regularity in their social interactions; each role has complementary roles that help define it
Term
Identity (SYMB)
Definition
self-meanings in a role: the more important a role is, the more motivated an individual will be to excel in role-related activities
Term
Role Strain (SYMB)
Definition
felt difficulty in fulfilling role obligations
Term
Scapegoating (SYMB)
Definition
when members assign one person or group more responsibility for evil than is warranted by facts (Lev. 16:20)
Term
Role Taking (SYMB)
Definition
take on or experience role of others; enhances ability to understand others and meet their expectations
Term
Sociliazation (SYMB)
Definition
process by which we acquire symbols, beliefs and attitudes of our cultures
Term
FAMILY DEVELOPMENT THEORY
Definition
One of the first family-focused theories

Emerged during the 1940’s

Focus: Change in process of internal family development viewed micro-analytically with dimension of time being central – changes experienced by families as they move through family stages
Term
Reuben Hill and Roy Rodgers (FD)
Definition
first systematic statement of family development theory; identified 3 levels of analysis – individual-psychological, interactional-association, & societal-institutional
Term
Evelyn Duvall (FD)
Definition
broke family life cycle into 8 stages, each addressing nodal events
Term
Joan Aldous (FD)
Definition
preferred “family career”
Family development consists of 4 stages:
1. Establishment of marital relationship
2. Parental role
3. Return to couple relationship
4. Aging couple
Term
Erik Erikson (FD)
Definition
psychosocial stages of dev
Term
Daniel Levinson (FD)
Definition
Transitions of adult life; Seasons of a Man’s Life
Term
Carol Gilligan (FD)
Definition
began revolution of awareness of unique development of experiences of females and implications for individual and family life cycle
Term
Betty Carter & Monica McGoldrick (FD)
Definition
helped to apply family development theory to MFT & redefined normality
Term
James White (FD)
Definition
helped delineate testable propositions; authored multiple theory texts
Term
Development (FD)
Definition
process leading toward fulfillment & realization of potential of an individual, family or group over time
Term
family (FD)
Definition
two or more people related by marriage, blood, birth or adoption
Term
Position (FD)
Definition
all the roles for an individual at a point in time
Term
Roles (FD)
Definition
set of expectations for behavior; dynamic part of a position defined by norms of culture
Term
Norms (FD)
Definition
patterned or commonly held behavior expectations
Static norms – regulate behavior & expectations within an age grouping or stage
Process norms – regulate timing & sequencing of expectations & behavior
Term
Developmental Task (FD)
Definition
growth responsibility that arises at or about a certain time in the life of an individual or family; it is assumed you must successfully accomplish task before moving onto next stage
Term
Family Life Cycle (FD)
Definition
sequence of characteristic stages beginning with family formation & continuing through the life of family to its dissolution
Term
transition (FD)
Definition
occurs when the family moves from one qualitatively distinct stage to another
Term
timing (FD)
Definition
(multi-dimensional)
Timing as normative: on-time or off-time (Bernice Neugarten)
Age timing – families, relationships and individuals can be described by their age
Event & stage sequencing – order of events & stages has very important family consequences
Stage duration –duration of time between stages
Term
assumptions (Family dev. theory)
Definition
(Assumptions made about family group, not individual)
1. Family stress is usually greatest at transition points between developmental stages

2. Family is a system moving through time

3. Time is multi-dimensional, monotonic & flows in one direction

4. Each generation has an impact on the generation that follows

5. Social, economic & political contexts all impact families as they move through the life cycle

6. Family is a semi-closed or semi-permeable group

7. Developmental processes are inevitable & important in studying families
Term
Basic Developmental Tasks (Evelyn Duvall)
(FD)
Definition
Establish an independent home

Establish satisfactory way of getting and spending money

Determine mutually acceptable patterns in division of labor

Maintain mutually satisfying sexual relationship

Establish open system of emotional and intellectual communication

Foster workable relationships with relatives

Establish ways of interacting with associations and community organizations

Become competent in bearing and raising children

Develop a workable philosophy of life

Develop faith in children
Term
Thomas Holmes & Richard Rahe (FS)
Definition
Social Readjustment Rating Scale
Term
Hans Selye (FS)
Definition
General Adaptation Syndrome
Term
R.C. Angell (FS)
Definition
integration/ adaptability
Term
R.S. Cavon & K.H. Ranck (FS)
Definition
job loss and unemployment during Depression
Term
E.L. Koos (FS)
Definition
researched how families deal with economic loss
Term
Reuben Hill (FS)
Definition
ABCX model and Roller Coaster Profile of Adjustment
Term
Hamilton McCubbin & Joan Patterson (FS)
Definition
Double ABCX model
Term
Pauline Boss (FS)
Definition
ambiguous loss and ambiguous boundaries
Term
Stress (FS)
Definition
byproduct of stressor
Relationship to performance
Term
Stressor (FS)
Definition
event or situation that produces stress
Term
Normative Stressor (FS)
Definition
anticipated, expectable, scheduled changes; result of moving thru life cycle; predictable; permit preparation
Anticipatory socialization - process of learning rights, obligations, resources and outlook of a position one will occupy in the future
Term
Non normative stressor (FS)
Definition
unanticipated, unexpected, more rare, unforeseen, demand immediate attention
Term
Source of Trouble
(FS)
Definition
Intra-familial – within the family
Extra-familial – outside the family
Term
Effect upon family configuration (FS)
Definition
Dismemberment or loss (can be permanent or temporary)
Accession or acquisition– addition of member
Demoralization or serious violation of family rules – violation of trust & loss of family moral
Combination of demoralization and dismemberment or accession
Term
Onset
(FS)
Definition
Gradual - allows time to adjust
Abrupt -sudden, no preparation
Term
Extent (FS)
Definition
Transitory – occurs only once or short-term
Chronic – ongoing or long-term
Term
Perception or Definition of Situation (FS)
Definition
meaning or interpretation given to situation
Term
Factors associated with family’s perception (FS)
Definition
religious beliefs
-ability to redefine hardships and endow them with meaning
-family values, previous experience with crisis events, themes
Term
Vulnerability
Definition
combination of B & C; family’s ability to defend itself against crisis; degree of crisis proneness or crisis proofness
Term
X: Crisis (FS)
Definition
amount of incapacitatedness or disorganization of family where resources are inadequate
Term
Regenerative Power (FS)
Definition
variation in ability of family to recover from a crisis
(Hill’s Roller Coaster Profile of Adjustment)
Term
Double ABCX Model
(FS)
Definition
adds post-crisis variables; includes dimension of time
Term
aA: Family Demands: Pile-up (FS)
Definition
Stressor and its associated hardships
Normative transitions
Prior strains
Consequences of family’s efforts to cope
Intra-familial and social ambiguity
Term
bB: Family Adaptive Resources (FS)
Definition
resources are part of family’s capabilities for meeting demands and needs (include characteristics of individual members , family unit and community)
Existing resources
Expanded family resources
Term
cC:Family Definition and Meaning – (FS)
Definition
meaning family gives to total crisis situation
2 forms
Family’s perception of stressor event
Family’s perception of crisis
Term
When family is able to successfully redefine crisis situation & give it new meaning, it involves efforts to:
Definition
Clarify the issues, hardships and tasks so as to render them more manageable & responsive to problem-solving efforts
Decrease intensity of emotional burdens associated with crisis situation
Encourage family unity to carry on with its fundamental tasks of promoting member social & emotional development
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