Shared Flashcard Set

Details

dynamics
exam 1
51
Other
Not Applicable
10/03/2006

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
hierarchy
Definition
pattern of deferential relationships
Term
entropy
Definition
all systems move toward disorder/disorganization, caused by lack of energy
Term
energy
Definition
keeps systems from coming totally disorganized; capacity for power or action to affect change
Term
organization
Definition
the family system must be organized in order to maintain itself
Term
disorganization
Definition
situations leading to dysfunction: 1) goals of one or more members are in opposition to goals of system. 2) elements of organization are disrupted/unclear 3) available energy is not sufficient for demands in system 4) family is not adequately organized to obtain energy from outside sources 5) pressures from outside exercise a disorganizing influence on the family
Term
feedback
Definition
circular loop that brings some of the system's output back as input; two types: negative and positive
Term
negative feedback
Definition
deviation dampening - homeostasis; in response to an event, no change is made
Term
positive feedback
Definition
deviation amplifying (morphostasis); in response to an event, behavior changes to modify that event or action
Term
boundaries
Definition
border that exists b/w system and environment that affects the flow info and energy b/w environment and system; dilineate elements belonging to system and those belonging to environment
Term
open
Definition
high energy, low entropy
Term
random
Definition
high energy, high entropy
Term
closed
Definition
low energy, high entropy
Term
rules
Definition
reflect "oughts" and "Shoulds" in the family; explicit rules are spoken; implicit rules are implied and assumed but not spoken
Term
morphogenesis
Definition
the need of healthy families to change in response to changes within or in response to external stressors
Term
homeostasis
Definition
the tendency of family members to cooperate to restore equilibrium which reduces tension in the family; maintained through feedback
Term
equifinality
Definition
different families react similarly to the same experience or achieve similar outcomes by very different processes (ie - death in the family)
Term
Circumplex Model - Cohesion
Definition
cohesion is emotional bonding family members have towards one another (low, or enmeshed)
Term
low cohesion
Definition
disengaged, emotionally distant,
Term
enmeshed
Definition
extreme emotional closeness and loyalty; members are very dependent on one another
Term
adaptibility/flexibility
Definition
ability of marital/family system to change power structure, role relationships and relationship rules in response to situational and developmental stress
Term
high flexibility
Definition
capable to make change; chaotic due to constant changes and no pattern exists
Term
rigid flexibility
Definition
highly controlling, rules do not change, strictly defined roles
Term
family theme
Definition
what a family stands for; who are we? what do we do about it? how do we invest our energies?
Term
a family consists of...
Definition
members, their attributes, and relationships
Term
**conflict arises from...
Definition
a lack of resources and people are competitive to get what they want.
Term
Randall Collens
Definition
people with resources more likely to match up with other people with resources
Term
Bach & Goldberg
Definition
conflicts make families more cohesive through resolution of conflict
Term
Kingsley Davis
Definition
conflict b/w parents and teens
Term
Jetse Sprey
Definition
conflict is part of every relationship; helped researchers generate ways to classify conflicts in families
Term
social stratification
Definition
some people have more power and higher status than others
Term
superordinate/subordinate
Definition
people with more power/people with less power
Term
formal social structure
Definition
that which is shown to the outside world; image a family portrays
Term
informal social structure
Definition
that which really occurs in a system
Term
assumptions of conflict theory
Definition
*confict and competition are normal, natural and inevitable *families can become stronger thru resolving it *absence of conflict disables ability to predict relationship stability *person w/ most resources reveals less info than the one w/ less resources *hierarchy exists due to unequal distribution *humans are self-oriented *human societies operate under conditions of perpetual scarcity *continuous confrontation is necessary for growth and social change
Term
**General propositions of social exchange theory
Definition
*sees interaction b/w ppl as a function of what each person receives from the relationship *humans avoid costly behavior and seek rewarding statuses, relationships, etc *in seeking rewards, humans voluntarily accept some costs
Term
rewards
Definition
anything that meets a person's needs, pleasures, satisfactions, and gratifications
Term
three types of costs
Definition
investment, direct, and opportunity
Term
investment costs
Definition
tiem/effort people devote to acquisition of skills that will enable them to reward others
Term
direct costs
Definition
resources given to another in exchange
Term
opportunity costs
Definition
rewards available in other exchanges that are foregone as a result of participating in a particular relationship
Term
profits
Definition
rewards minus costs; people will choose relationships that result in the greatest profits
Term
comparison level
Definition
standard persons use to evaluate rewards and costs of given relationship in terms of what they think they deserve in a relationship; may change over time.
Term
comparison level of alternatives
Definition
lowest level of an outcome a person will accept in light of alternative opportunities
Term
satiation
Definition
diminished marginal costs; the more of something one has recently received, the less each additional unit is worth
Term
fatigue
Definition
increased marginal costs; the more often a person has recently performed a costly activity, the more costly are further such activities
Term
commitment=
Definition
rewards for staying + costs of leaving foregone by staying / rewards for leaving - rewards for staying foregone by leaving
Term
distributive justice
Definition
rewards should be proportional to costs and profits should be proportional to investments
Term
norm of reciprocity
Definition
people should help those who help them
Term
principle of least interest
Definition
the person who cares least about the relationship has the most power
Term
ways to increase power
Definition
-increase own attractiveness-minimize rewards the other is giving you-minimize hurt the other party is giving you-exaggerate/escalate hurt the other party is giving you-build value of your behavior to other; promote yourself
Term
Major assumptions of social exchange theory
Definition
*humans are rational beings- will make choices to achieve greatest profit *humans are actors as well as reactors *ppl must encounter costs to get rewards *social behavior wont be repeated unless it is rewarded *if no profitable alt. is available, one promising least unprofitable will be selected *social life requires quid pro quo *it is rewarding to inflict costs on those who deliberatly hurt us *indviduals vary in the value they place on specific objects/positions
Supporting users have an ad free experience!