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| chemicals that provide the energy, structure, and regulation of body processes and that are not completely synthesized in the body |
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| nutrients that are indispensible for health and cannot be synthesized by the human body, but must be ingested |
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| an alteration in genetic material. If a mutation occurs in a sex cell (sperm or ovum), the change will be passed on to the next generation. Such mutations are rare - only 5 to 100 for every 1 million sex cells. Mutations that alter people's genes after birth (and do not occur in sex cells) have no evolutionary impact. |
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| an animal that eats both plants and animals |
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| the health of an individual as it is influenced by the intake and utilization of nutrients |
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| interest in trying new things, in this case, trying new foods |
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| reluctance to try new things, in this case, reluctance to try new foods |
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| population-level differences |
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Definition
| in biological terms, these are differences in the frequency of genetic traits. For example, the prevalence of lactase deficiency in different across populations. In behavioral terms, these are differences in shared expectations, technology, meanings, and values - that is, differences in culture. |
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| subsidies provided to farmers to grow crops and raise animals. They may be in terms of direct payments to farmers, guaranteed prices for products, or discounted prices for inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, water, or land. |
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| a chain of interconnected activities that take place in order to get food from the environment into the mouths of people. It includes food production, processing, distribution, marketing, and preparation. It also includes the knowledge and customs that surround food and food consumption. |
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| the actual foods that individuals or groups consume to meet nutritional needs |
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| the foods, food preparation techniques, and taste preferences that are shared by the members of a group of people |
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| the shared understandings that characterize groups of people and distinguish them from other groups |
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| the knowledge, practices and tools a group uses to cope with the physical environment and meet its needs for shelter and subsistence |
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| the way a social group organizes its members into families, social strata, communities, and other groupings |
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| the values, preferences, meanings, and beliefs that groups of people share with respect to food |
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| a condiment that is made with fruits and sometimes added raisins, nuts, onions, and seasoned with spices |
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| a massive structure, shield-like in shape, found inside the nest of sting-less bees |
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| organic compounds containing fluorine that are used in aerosol sprays, refrigerants, solvents, and lubricants |
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| three major sections of culture |
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Definition
| technology, social organization, ideology |
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Definition
| knowledge, practices, and tools a group has developed to help its members respond to the physical environment and meet their basic biological needs for subsistence, shelter, and protection from natural enemies |
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| norms, beliefs, values and other conventional understandings a group has developed to regulate social life |
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| the shared beliefs and values that enable humans to adjust to the supernatural and metaphysical environment |
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| relating to a reality beyond what is perceived by the senses |
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| members of a religious sect - the International Society for Krishna consciousness - which is based on ancient Hindu philosophy |
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| anthropologists who compare and analyze cultures |
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| differenes within as well as between social groups |
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| to produce or sell alcoholic beverages illegally |
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| the knowledge, traditions, beliefs and values that are developed, learned and shared by members of a society |
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| a degenerative joint disease in which the connective tissue (cartilage) is lost |
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Definition
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| a degenerative bone disease in which the bones become brittle and porous |
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| focus on abnormal hormonal balance and other biochemical changes observed in people with anorexia |
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| propose that the value Western societies place on thinness and self-control leads to eating disorders |
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| an exchange between two or more people |
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| a binding agreement or contract made by two or more people |
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| a family made up of two parents and their children |
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| families smaller than nuclear families, typically one parent and children |
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| includes members outside of the nuclear unit, such as uncles, aunts, and grandparents |
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| extended families formed around men (the grandfather, father, sons, and grandsons) and the men's sisters |
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| consist of a woman, her offspring, sisters, brothers, mother, and grandmother |
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| marinated, raw fish and other seafood |
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| a government order prohibiting trade with another country or governmental entity |
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Term
| socioeconomic status (SES) |
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Definition
| a person's position in a society's social and economical hierarchy or ranking in terms of prestige. Occupation, education, and income are the most common measures or components of a person's SES |
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Term
| Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) |
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Definition
| a program that was established in 1972 to provide nutritious food, nutrition education, health checkups and referrals, and infant feeding advice and support to economically disadvantaged families. The program serves women who are pregnant, breatfeeding or in the postpartum period and infants and children up to the age of 5 |
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| School Health Policies and Program Study (SHPPS) |
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Definition
| a national survey periodically conducted to assess school health policies and programs at the state, district, school, and classroom levels |
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Definition
| naturally occurring chemicals found in potatoes, especially in the peelings and near the outside edges. High amount of glycoalkaloids can occur in green, unripe, damaged or poorly stored potatoes. They create a bitter, musty taste that can give people a burning sensation in their mouth or cause diarrhea and GI problems when consumed in large quantities |
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| an international organization founded in the US in 1956 by women who wanted to make breastfeeding easier and more enjoyable for mothers and children. The organization sponsors mother-to-mother support gorups that offer information and encouragement to those who want to breastfeed. The Information Services Department of LLL also provides information to health professionals |
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| the study of the systems of classification and ways of knowing about natural phenomena held by members of a distinct cultural group |
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| an object that can be perceived by the sense and refers to or represents nontangible concepts such as ideas, emotions, identity, or religious beliefs; carries meaning |
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| a symbol that carries several meanings simultaneously |
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| laws restricting use or consumption of foods to only a few people, often the elite |
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| a system of the shared basic understandings of how the world works and people's place in it |
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| the tendency to interpret or judge other cultures in terms of one's own culture. It often includes the assumption that the behaviors and understandings that one has from one's own culture are "best", most "proper", most "natural" |
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Definition
| the position that others' culturally influenced behaviors and understandings should be viewed from the point of view of the people inside the culture. It often includes the assumption that there are a number of alternative ways to understand the world and behave in it |
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| a component of culture that includes a system of beliefs expressed through rituals and symbols and which is concerned with the supernatural |
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| an animal or plant that represents the founding ancestor of a group or clan |
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| a group that shares a social identity based on common region or nation of origin, shared language, shared religious beliefs, or racial characteristics. Some ethnic groups are localized in a single country or region, such as Italian Americans |
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| a system of medical knowledge, beliefs, and practices that is associated with a particular cultural or ethnic group. Biomedicine is the ethnomedical system of Western cultures |
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| an ancient and widespread system of medical knowledge that holds that the body is composed of bodily fluids called humors. In the healthy body the humors are in balance. Foods, climate, and situations can make the humors fall our of balance. This causes disease. Disease is treated by the use of foods, medicines, other substances, and manipulations that are thought to help get the body back in balance |
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Definition
| a substance that kills parasitic intestinal worms |
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Term
| cultural/multicultural competence |
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Definition
| the ability to recognize and respect the norms, values, and beliefs of other cultural groups, and to respond appropriately to cultural differences in planning, implementing, and evaluating programs and interventions |
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