Term
|
Definition
| The number of protons added with the number of neutrons - the mass in the nucleus of an atom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The number of protons in an atom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enzyme that speeds up reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A short hand way to write the make up of a molecule that shows the type and number of each atom |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shows when atoms combine with other atoms or break apart from other atoms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where molecules are broken down |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enzymes can be damaged by heat or change in ph - the shape is changed and it no longer works well |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two electrons in the innermost rings and then up to eight electrons in the subsequent rings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protein that speeds up chemical reactions by increasing the frequency of collisions and lowering activation energy needed for reactions to take place. SPEED UP REACTIONS - for ex. Digestive enzymes |
|
|
Term
| Example of Decomposition reaction |
|
Definition
| Digestion - food is broken down to smaller parts |
|
|
Term
| Example of synthesis reaction |
|
Definition
| combining amino acids to make a protein (dehydration synthesis is when water is used during process) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glucose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, glycogen OSE endng = sugar |
|
|
Term
| Exchange chemical reaction |
|
Definition
| a reaction where molecules are traded |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atoms have a lot of space around them - for example water vapor which you can pass through |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are complementary base pairs held together? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The shape of enzymes is very specific and can only work on certain molecules and break them down or join them. |
|
|
Term
| How is RNA different from DNA? |
|
Definition
| Single stranded, different sugar (ribose) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lack carbon (with one exception CO2) water and oxygen are examples |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Atoms that have a charge through the loss or gain of electrons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| More movement of atoms - the atoms can move past each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Monomer is a single unit - repeated several times in a polymer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| simple sugar (single sugar like Glucose) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contain the element carbon - examples: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Have C, H, O and also Nitrogen and sometimes sulfer. Found in meats, cheese, peanuts, etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shownon the left side of the equation - what you start with |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Arrow points both directions and the chemicals reaction can take place in either direction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| atoms are packed tightly together |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A stable atom is one with eight electrons in the outermost ring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This shows how molecules are joined together with the shape and type of the bonds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When molecules or elements are joined together |
|
|
Term
| WHich four elements make up almost all of the matter in our body? |
|
Definition
| C, H, O and Nitrogen make up 96% of your body |
|
|
Term
| What are the four important organic molecules? |
|
Definition
| lipid, protein, carbohydrate and nucleotides |
|
|
Term
| What are the four phases of matter? |
|
Definition
| Solid, liquid, gas and plasma |
|
|
Term
| What are the nitrogen bases in DNA? |
|
Definition
adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine
(A, T, C, G) |
|
|
Term
| What are the three types of RNA molecules? |
|
Definition
1. mRNA (messenger RNA); 2. tRNA (transfer RNA); and rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
Each has a different job for cell. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two nucleic acids? |
|
Definition
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
RNA - (Ribonucleic acid) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| single stranded molecule that contains 1. ribose, 2. nitrogen bases (uracil replaces thymine) and 3) phosphate group |
|
|
Term
| What does nitrogen base adenine join with in DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does nitrogen base cytosine join with in DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
long strands of nucleotides
1) sugar 2) phosphate and 3) nitrogen base (ATCG) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The genetic code in every cell |
|
|
Term
What is a common name for cellulose?
Where is it found? |
|
Definition
| Cellulose is called fiber. It is found in the cell wall of plants |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Has same elements (CHO) as carbohydrate, but in different ratios - these are HUGE molecules C 57 H 110 O 60 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It is stored in your liver and is an emergency energy source |
|
|
Term
| What is required to change states of matter? |
|
Definition
| Energy must be added or taken away to changes states of matter (ie heated up or cooled off) |
|
|
Term
| What is the backbone of DNA? HOw are nitrogen bases joined? |
|
Definition
| Sugar and phosphate - A, C, T, G are the nitrogen bases are joined by hydrogen bonds |
|
|
Term
| What is the main job of carbohydrates? |
|
Definition
| Quick energy source - easily digestible |
|
|
Term
| What is the shape of DNA? |
|
Definition
| double helix (twisted strands) |
|
|
Term
| What makes Carbon Special? |
|
Definition
| Carbon has four electrons in its outer shel and can join with up to four other atoms - carbon is at the center of compounds and provides the skeleton for large organic molecules |
|
|
Term
| What makes up a nucleotide? |
|
Definition
| Phosphate / sugar backbone with nitrogen base (A, C, T, or G) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| They are made of glycerol and three fatty acid chains - they are an important component of your cell membranes and hormones. The are needed to maintain your life processes. |
|
|
Term
| Why are proteins important> |
|
Definition
| Proteins are made of smaller building blocks called amino acids. They function as catalysts and help with chemical reactions. These are the building blocks of your body: skin, hair, muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Contains C,H,O in ration of 1:2:1 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long strand of joined sugar monomers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shown on the right side of a chemical equation - what you end up with |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two or more atoms joined together |
|
|
Term
| what is the shape of DNA? |
|
Definition
| It is a double stranded molecule that has a twisted shape called double helix |
|
|
