Term
| which parasite causes African Trypanosomiasis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which parasite transmits African trypanosomiasis? |
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Definition
| Tsetse fly of genus Glossina |
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Term
| There are 2 types of african trypanosomiasis. They cannot be differentiated down the microscope. How can they be differentiated and why is this important? |
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Definition
Differentiate through Ab/Ag testing.
Important because they are treated with different drugs. |
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Term
Which species of t brucei is responsible for 2% of sleeping sickness?
Which parts of Africa is this found in? |
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Definition
T brucei rhodiense.
Found in south and east africa.
Remember: I Rhode South then East (Rhodiense found in South and East Africa) |
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Term
| Which T brucei species causes acute course of disease? |
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Definition
T brucei rhodiense. Responsible for 2% of sleeping sickness.
Acute course of disease: weeks to months. |
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Term
| Which T brucei infection is maintained in animals therefore difficult to control resevoir? |
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Definition
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Term
Which species of T brucei is responsible for 98% of sleeping sicknesS?
Which parts of afric is it found in? |
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Definition
T brucei gambiense
Found in Central and West Africa.
Chronic cours eof diease is over years. |
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Term
| Which species of T brucei is anthroponotic therefore make resevoir control through screening easier? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is the only country with both types of t brucei? rhodiense and gambiense? |
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Definition
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Term
Tsetse fly takes blood meal from ......./...... habouring parasite. parasite multiplies in tsetse fly and migrates to ...... .......
Infective ....... is passed on when tsetse fly bites new host |
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Definition
human/animal
salivary glands
Trypamastigote |
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Term
| There are 2 stages to African Trypanosomiasis. Which stage is it when the disease invavdes CNS? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe symptoms in 1st stage of african trypanosomiasis |
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Definition
non specific flu symptoms
fever
myalgia
fly bite chancre
cervical lympahdenopathy |
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Term
| in which species of T brucei can the 1st stage last for months or years? |
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Definition
T brucei gambiense.
In T B rhodiense symptoms are more severe. May present as fulminant myocarditis death prior to CNS involvement. |
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Term
| Describe 2n stage symptoms of sleeping sickness |
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Definition
Meningitis/encephalitis.
Personality changes/mood changes
coma and death occur within a year of CNS involvement |
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Term
| how long does it take for coma and death to occur after CNS involvement occurs in african sleeping sicknesS? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ab CATT test is available for which T brucei? |
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Definition
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Term
| diagnosis of sleeping sickness |
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Definition
CATT test (T B gambiense only)
Evaluation of clinical features (lymphadenopathy)
Those with +ve Ab get investigated for parasites in other body fluids. |
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Term
| How is african sleeping sickness staged? |
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Definition
CSF testing.
Dx in CSF either via presence of trypanosomes or raised WCC |
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Term
| How would you dx sleeping sickness in CSF sample? |
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Definition
| Presence of trypanosomes or raised WCC. |
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Term
| how can cure be confirmed in sleeping sickness? |
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Definition
2 years after rx.
By reexamining body fluids and CSF |
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Term
stage 1 disease T B Gambiense.
Rx?
Tip GP |
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Definition
T B Gambiense treated with Pentamidine. IV/IM 7/7
S/E hypotension and hypoglycaemia |
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Term
| Pentamidine used to treat stage 1 of sleeping sickness due to T B Gambiense. Name 2 common side effects of this drug? |
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Definition
Hypotension
Hypoglycaemia |
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Term
Stage 1 sleeping sickness T B rhodiense rx?
Tip SpR |
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Definition
T b rhodiense treated with Suramin IV 6 doses in 1 month.
S/E fever, anaphylaxis, nausea, proteinuria. |
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Term
| Stage 2 sleeping sickness rx for gambiense? |
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Definition
Nifurtimox-Eflornithine combo for 10/7
OR
Eflornithine daily 2/52 |
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Term
| stage 2 sleeping sickness rx for T B rhodiense? |
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Definition
Melarsoprol IV 4 doses one weke apart.
S/E reactive encephalopathy |
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Term
| Melarsoprol is 2nd line for 2nd stage of T B gambiense. Name a complication of using this drug |
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Definition
| Fatal reactive encephalopathy 1:20 |
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Term
| name a drug currently being researched that can be used in both stages of sleeping sicknesS? |
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Definition
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Term
| How big is the Tsetse fly size? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name some insecticides used in control of Tsetse fly population? |
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Definition
| Pyrethroid e.g Deltamthrin and Lamda-Cyhalothrin |
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Term
| What is Deltamethrin an example of? |
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Definition
| A pyrethroid insecticide. |
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Term
| What quality do suramin and pentamidine possess that makes them useful for stage one disease rxs? |
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Definition
| They do not cross the BBB |
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Term
| which drug used in 2nd stage of sleeping sickness is base don arsenic? |
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Definition
| Melarsoprol. It kills 5% patients from reactive encephalopathy |
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Term
| something that lives in a host and benefits by taking nutrients at the hosts expense |
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Definition
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Term
| hosts within which sexual reproduction or mature form of parasite occurs |
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Definition
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Term
| another animal that is essential for completing the life cycle. |
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Definition
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