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DSST 5: Baroque (10%)
Italy and Austria; Spain, Holland and Flanders
55
Art History
Undergraduate 1
05/13/2010

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Term
Hyacinthe Riguad, Louis XIV, 1701, oil on canvas
Definition
-Originally painted as a gift for Louis XIV's grandson, but Louis liked it so much that he kept it for himself
-Human gaze, compared his "pompous" pose, and the grandeur that surrounds him
Term
Louis Le Vau Charles Le Brun, Versailles, Versailles, France, Baroque 1668-70
Definition
-Palace of Louis XIV
-He had a distrust of Paris, moving to Versailles would remove the temptations of the city
Term
André Le Notre, Versailles gardens, Versailles, France, 1668-85
Definition
-Axial planning
-Dominion over nature
Term
Diego Velázquez, Las Meninas, oil on canvas, Spain, Baroque, 1656
Definition
-10 1/2 feet tall
-Focal point, Princess Margarita. Her attendents are identifiable portraits
-Painterly style
-True meaning of painting not known. Possibly Velázquez seeking recognition and acclaim for himself
Term
Germain Boffrand, Salon de la Princesse, Paris, Rococo, 1732
Definition
-Fashionable spaces for gatherings and entertainment
-Located in the Hotel de Soubise in Paris
-Includes rococo architectural elements
--Arabesques, "s"&"c" shapes
--Volutes (spiral scrolls, Ionic capitals)
--Naturalistic plant forms
Term
Jean-Antoine Watteau, Pilgrimage to the Island of Cythera, oil on canvas, Rococo 1717
Definition
-Fête galante
-Idyllic vision
-French Rococo 18th Century
Term
Louis XIV
Definition
-Ruled 1643-1715, as an absolute monarch
-Adopted the position of the "Divine Right of Kings", king only has to answer to God
-"Sun King", chose the sun as his emblem
-Associated himself with Apollo (God of Peace and the arts)
-Builds his palace at Versailles (father's former hunting lodge) instead of in Paris
Term
Sun King
Definition
Louis XIV, likened himself the "Sun King", Apollo
Term
French formal garden
Definition
-Axial symmetry
-Dominion over nature
-Versailles, André Le Nôrte
Term
Royal Academies
Definition
17th century, French government founded royal academies to instruct students in literature, painting, and sculpture, music, dance, and architecture.

**When the royal acadamies began to mount exhibitions of students' work, known as Salons.
Term
Salon (the exhibition)
Definition
-Exhibitions of the students of the royal academies
=Influencial in establishing officially approved styles and in molding public taste
-Originally held in the Salon Carré in the Palace of the Lourve



Beginning in 1737, Salons were held every other year with a jury of members selecting the works to be shown
Term
Axial symmetry
Definition
André le Nôrte

-Organized nature
-Use of diagonals and radial avenues as dominion over nature
-Nature "perfected" by art and the hands of humans
Term
Painterly
Definition
-Describing a style of painting that emphasizes the techniques and surface effects of brushwork
-e.g. Las Meninas, Velázquez
Term
Caravaggesque
Definition
-Certain Baroque Naturalistic effects
--Dramatic contrast of light and dark
--Noble classic bodies, with other features of common street people
Term
Rococo
Definition
-Lightness, delicate
-Pastel colors
-Curving forms
-As an architectural style, it is largely an interior style with furniture and decorative elements often matching the room
-e.g. Salon de la Princesse
Term
Fête Galante
Definition
-Elegant outdoor entertainment
--Associated with French Rococo 18th Century
-Introduced by Jean-Antoine Watteau in his "Pilgrimage"
Term
Salon (the social practice)
Definition
Intellectual gatherings of prominent people
Term
French Revolution
Definition
-(1789) Changed some of the practices of the Royal Acadamies
--The jury practice was abolished in 1791 because it was a "relic of the monarchy"
-The salon became democratically open to all artists
Term
Classicism
Definition
-Art having a high regard for the arts of classical antiquity
--i.e. Donatello's Sassy David 1440-1460
-Classicism had a resurgence in the Italian Renaissance, bringing back the glory of Rome
Term
Contrapposto
Definition
-The disposition of the human figure in which one part is turned into opposition to another part
--i.e. Donatello's David 1440-1460
Term
Sfumato
Definition
Italian "smoky" a smoke like haziness that subtly softens outlines in aintings, particularly applied to the work of Leonardo da Vinci
Term
Greek Cross Plan
Definition
Equilateral cross plan used in the original design of Saint Peters by Michelangelo Buonorotti (1546)
Term
Counter-Reformation
Definition
Attempt by the Catholic Church to regain followers by making the religion more exciting and accessable through work like Paolo Veronese's Christ in the House of Levi (1573)
Term
Memento Mori
Definition
Reminder of the inevitability of death as seen in Hans Holbein "The Younger's the French Ambassadors" (1533)
Term
Trompe L'Oeil
Definition
French "Fools the Eye", a form of illusionistic painting that aims to decieve viewers into believeing that they are seeing real objects
--i.e. Andrea Mantegna, Camera Picta, Ducal Palace, Mantua, Italy (1465-1474)(Early Renaissance)
Term
Triptych
Definition
-Three paneled painting, ivory plaque, or alterpiece
--i.e. Hieronymus Bosch, Garden of Earthly Delights (1505-1510) (Northern Renaissance)
Term
Colorito
Definition
-Characteristic of 16th Century Venetian artists who emphasized the application of paint as an important element of the creative process
--i.e. Giorgione da Castelfranco's "The tempest" (1510)
Term
Gesamtkunstwerk
Definition
-German "Total Work of Art", a synthesis of different mediums such as architecture, painting and sculpture
--i.e. Gianlorenzo Bernini, Ecstasy of Saint Teresa, Cornaro Chapel, Santa Maria della Vittoria
Term
Vanitas
Definition
The word is Latin, meaning "emptiness" and loosely translated corresponds to the meaninglessness of earthly life and the transient nature of vanity
Term
Axial Plan
Definition
In architecture, a plan in which the parts of a building are organized longtitudinally, or along a given axis
Term
Contrapposto
Definition
Describing a human figure standing so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs; this gives the figure a more relaxed and less stiff appearance
Term
Illuminated manuscript
Definition
A manuscript in which the text is supplemented by the addition of decoration, such as decorated initials, borders and miniature illustrations
Term
Egyptian
Definition
Unnatural figures; images not what people actually looked like
Term
Sandro Botticelli
Definition
Renaissance; Angel faces
Term
Classical
Definition
Natural; idealized forms; more relaxed; drama, emotion
Term
Titan
Definition
Renaissance; Used Laocoon sculpture in painting
Term
Vermeer
Definition
-Baroque
-Painted everyday people and things
-Liked window in studio and map on wall
Term
Caravaggio
Definition
Baroque; Dramatic lighting; Foreshortening; Wanted for murder
Term
Renaissance
Definition
Rise of humanities; Nature; Revival of Greek/Roman interests; Status of artist elevated; Wealthy patrons
Term
Medieval
Definition
Unknown artists; Illustrated manuscripts; Precious materials (gold, gems)
Term
Baroque
Definition
True naturalism; Dramatic; Emotional; Exaggerated lighting
Term
Mosaic
Definition
Designs made with small stones or tiles
Term
Raphael
Definition
Renaissance; Detail
Term
Sfumato
Definition
Overlays translucent layers of colour to create perceptions of depth, volume and form; "smoky"
Term
Rubens
Definition
Baroque; Large (muscular) figures
Term
Albrecht Durer
Definition
Renaissance; famous for prints
Term
Gothic
Definition
Artistic style of Medieval Northern Europe (including architecture, painting, music, etc.); Pointed arches
Term
Chiaroscuro
Definition
Contrast between light and dark
Term
Pre-Historic
Definition
Term often used to describe the period before written history
Term
Rembrandt
Definition
Baroque; Painted metals very well; Spent money liberally, died poor
Term
Jan Van Eyck
Definition
Renaissance; Extreme detail; Credited for creating oil paint
Term
Leonardo da Vinci
Definition
Renaissance; Sfumato (smoky) images
Term
Fresco
Definition
Paintings done on plaster on walls or ceilings
Term
Hellenistic
Definition
Late Classical Greek period; Defined by movement, drama, emotions
Term
Michelangio
Definition
Renaissance; Sculptor; Made to paint by Pope
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