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DSST 4: High Renaissance (13%)
Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo; Venetian art and architecture
39
Art History
Undergraduate 1
05/12/2010

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Term
Donato Bramante
Tempietto, San Pietro, Montorio, Rome
Donato Bramante
Tempietto, San Pietro, Montorio, Rome
1500-1530
Definition
-Said to be where St. Peter was crucified
-Centrally planned, circular, 4 entrances (radially symmetric)
Term
Donato Bramante
Plans for New St Peter's, Vatican, Rome
1500 - 1530
Definition
-Centrally planned, equally spaced entrances
-Semicircular dome
-Not built according to plan -- Bramante died before completion
Term
Leonardo da Vinci
Last Supper, refectory, Santa Maria della Grazie, Milan
1470-1500
Definition
Oil and tempera on dry plaster quickly flaked off the wall
Term
Leonardo da Vinci
Mona Lisa
1500-1530
Definition
-Over 30 layers of paint
-Top layers stripped off; no eyebrows
Term
Michelangelo Buonarotti
Pieta
1500-1530
Definition
-5 ft tall
-Proportions distorted for emotional effect
Term
Michelangelo Buonarotti
David
1500-1530
Definition
-14 ft tall
-Oversized head, hands--would be seen from below, look normal
-Hellenistic influence
Term
Michelangelo/Buonarotti
Sistine Chapel
1500-1530
Definition
-Michelangelo painted upper half
-Genesis to Noah's Ark portrayed
-No Jesus to be found
Term
Michelangelo
Last Judgment, ceiling of Sistine Chapel
1530-1569
Definition
-Disorderly Heaven
-All figures nude
-Hell not illustrated
Term
Michelangelo
Rondanini Pieta
1530-1569
Definition
-6 ft tall
-Unfinished
-Apparent instability draws in and involves the viewer, presaging Mannerism
Term
Raphael
Madonna of the Meadow
1500 - 1529
Definition
-John and Jesus as children
-No repeated poses
-Sparing landscape, idealized figures
Term
Raphael
Disputation over the Sacrament, Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican, Rome
1500 - 1529
Definition
-1 of 4 paintings dealing with the quadrivium; this one on theology
-Religious figures discuss sacrament
-Father, son, and holy spirit
Term
Raphael
School of Athens, Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican, Rome
1500 to 1529
Definition
-Philosophy painting
-Raphael inserted himself, other artists into the scene
Term
Bellini
Saint Francis in Ecstasy
1470 to 1500
Definition
-Example of Venetian art
-Golden light
-Background more prominent than figures
-Francis receives stigmata
Term
Chiaroscuro
Definition
term in art, contrast between light and dark; usually applied to bold contrasts affecting a whole composition, but is also more technically used by artists and art historians for the use of effects representing contrasts of light, not necessarily strong, to achieve a sense of volume in modelling three-dimensional objects such as the human body
Term
Sfumato
Definition
Italian term for a painting technique which overlays translucent layers of colour to create perceptions of depth, volume and form. In particular, it refers to the blending of colours or tones so subtly that there is no perceptible transition.

In Italian sfumato means "smoky" and is derived from the Italian word fumo meaning 'smoke'. Leonardo da Vinci described sfumato as "without lines or borders, in the manner of smoke or beyond the focus plane".
Term
Julius II
Definition
Julius II, Pope, 1503-1513



The warrior pope
Term
The Protestant Reformation (Germany and the Netherlands)
Definition
Martin Luther posts his Ninety-five Theses
Term
Iconoclasm
Definition
Destruction of physical icons in religion
Term
John Calvin
Definition
A French Protestant theologian during the Protestant Reformation
Term
Humanism
Definition
-A philosophy that emphasizes the worth of the individual, the rational abilities of humankind, and the human potential for good.
-During the Italian Renaissance.
-Humanism was part of a movement that encouraged the study of classical Greek and Roman culture, often coming into conflict with the doctrines of the classical church.
Term
Campanile/Campanilism
Definition
-A bell tower.
-The root of the word is a kind of bias people have towards their town.
-Still very important in Italy, each town has a strong sense of self.
Term
Ghibeline/Guelph Parties
Definition
Ghibeline is pro-emperor and Guelph is pro-pope. They clash over the Florence town hall. Guelph party wins and rebuilds the Palazzo della Signoria (Palazzo Vecchio).
Term
Rustification
Definition
A masonry technique of laying rough-faced stones with sharply indented joints. Stone called pietra forte, meaning strong stone.
Term
Basilica of San Francesco
Definition
Built in honor of St. Francis from 1228-1253.
-Built in Assisi
-3 levels; lower church, upper church and crypt
-Open, typical of Franciscan church because preaching is done a lot
Term
Saint Francis
Definition
Born rich in Assisi, chooses life of a beggar. Died in 1226, named a saint 2 years later.
Term
Santa Croce
Definition
Typical Franciscan church with wide nave area, aimed at the largest public possible
Term
Contrapposto
Definition
Stance where weight is shifted, axis of hip is shifted, one leg engaged, on leg relaxed; used a lot in ancient sculpture
Term
Tempura
Definition
Paint in a mixture of pigment, egg yolk, and pigment. Done on wood panel primed with a layer of gesso (plaster), sometimes enforced with a layer of linen. Gold leafing first and then paint after.
Term
Fresco
Definition
Pigment mixed with water and done on wet plaster. Painting must be done quickly before the plaster dries so it is necessary to pre-paint (Giornata).
Term
Maniera Greca
Definition
Greek style painting
Term
Atmospheric Perspective
Definition
Forms along the horizon lose clarity as you get closer to the atmosphere, alteration of hue towards blue.
Term
Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy
Definition
Given Burgundy by his brother, King of France Charles V. Important collector of art (as symbol of status). Builds Chartreuse monastery.
Term
Trumeau
Definition
Central post supporting the lintel of a large doorway where it is frequently decorated by sculpture
Term
Rising Perspective
Definition
A tilted perspective, used as a tool to show a lot of details
Term
Grismele
Definition
Greytone in painting that mimics sculpture
Term
Triptych
Definition
An alterpiece, either carved or painted with a central panel and two wings
Term
Brunelleschi/Duomo
Definition
Had been unfinished for a long time because no one could build it. He uses a combination of medieval and Roman technology. It is based on pointed arches (meaning that the dome isn’t perfect half-circles). He created 2 separate domes and then attached them with a herringbone pattern that is light but strong and self-supporting.
Term
Or San Michele
Definition
A building in Florence at the center of the city that was once a granary. Different guilds sponsored a competition to craft sculptures to be on the sides of the building.
Term
Predella
Definition
The base of an alterpiece
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