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| Late classical Greek period; Defined by movement, drama, emotions |
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| A term in art for a contrast between light and dark |
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| Renaissance; Sfumato (smoky) images |
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| Renaissance; Used Laocoon sculpture in painting |
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| Designs made with small stones or tiles |
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| Baroque; Dramatic lighting; Foreshortening; Wanted for murder |
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| Renaissance; Sculptor; Made to paint by pope |
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| Unknown artists; Illustrated manuscripts; Precious materials (gold, gems) |
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| Term often used to describe the period before written history |
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| Describing a human figure standing so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs; This gives the figure a more relaxed and less stiff appearance |
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| Natural; Idealized forms; More relaxed; Drama, Emotion |
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| Baroque; Large (muscular) figures |
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| Renaissance; Extreme detail; Credited for creating oil paint |
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| Baroque; Painted everyday people and things; Liked window in studio and map on wall |
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| Rise of humanities; Nature; Revival of greek/roman interests; Status of artist elevated; Wealthy patrons |
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| Artistic style of medieval northern Europe (including architecture, painting, music, etc.); Pointed arches |
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| Overlays translucent layers of colour to create perceptions of depth, volume and form; "smoky" |
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| Unnatural figures; images not what people actually looked like |
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| Renaissance; Famous for prints |
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| A manuscript in which the text is supplemented by the addition of decoration, such as decorated initials, borders and miniature illustrations |
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| Paintings done on plaster on walls or ceilings |
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| Baroque; Painted metals very well; Spent money liberally, died poor |
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| True naturalism; Dramatic; Emotional; Exaggerated lighting |
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| Roman town center, site of temples & administrative buildings; used as a market or gathering area for the citizens |
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the most fancy design: Hellenistic/Roman
examples: Oylmpieion, Athens
Pantheon, Rome |
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Human motivation, characteristics, or behavior given to inanimate objects, animals, or natural phenomena.
Ancient Greek civilization had anthropomorphic deities. |
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A round vault, usually over a circular space. Consists of a curved masonry vault of shapes and cross sections that can vary from hemispherical to bulbous to ovoidal. May use a supporting vertical wall (drum) from which the vault springs, and may be crowned by an open space (oculus) and/or an exterior lantern. When a dome is built over a square space, an intermediate element is required to make the transition to a circular drum.
Example: Pantheon, Rome |
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| Main chamber of the Greek Temple, where representation of god is placed (statues) |
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| A trough to carry flowing water, if necessary, supported by arches |
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| The most plain style, 1st appeared in mainland, Greece: made after proportion of male |
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The art and architecture of ancient Greece. (Kritian Boy from Acropolis, Athens)
More understanding of beauty, weight shift/angles; more naturalistic face (Polykleitos, spear Bearer)
Perfect Human Form, Contrapostom but no emotion, ideal body, naturalism )Praxiteles, Aphrodite)
Female, only godlike statue such as this were nude, ideal representation of beauty |
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| Meet with one at Parthenon, goddess of wisdom (victory and peace). Focal point of worship. |
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Idealization, a process in art through which artists strive to make their forms and figures attain perfection, based on pervading cultural values or their own mental image of beauty.
Example: Praxiteles, Aphrodite (Female)
Roman copy of original marble, only godlike figures were nude, ideal representation of beauty |
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| Circular on top (domelike) and rectangular on the bottom. (Hagia Sophia) |
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| Parts of earlier buildings recycled and used in another. Example, Arch of Constantine, Rome. Celebrates Constantine’s victory, used remains of monuments of good emperors, idea to connect past with present. |
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Collection of ancient Greek marble sculptures and architectural fragments in the British Museum. They were removed from the Parthenon in Athens.
example: Centaurs fighting Lapith |
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| In Greek architecture and derivatives, a set of adjustments of normal shaping and spacing made supposedly to counteract the somatic peculiarities of human vision |
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| A vault created by the intersection of two barrel vaults of equal size which creates four side compartments of identical size and shape |
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| An arched masonry structure that spans an interior space |
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The period between the death of Alexander the Great and the Conquest of Egypt by Rome. Hellenistic artists sought to represent the individual and the specific. Turned from the heroic to the everyday. Formed serious drama to melodramatic expression. Emotions through dramatic subjects and poses are common.
- Alexander the Great conquered the known/unknown Greek world
- naturalism, reflection of pathos, emotions (the Dying Gaul)
- variety of subject matter (seated boxers, begging woman, difference social classes) |
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| Contrapoosto (Counter Posture) |
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| A twisting body position. Also: a way of representing the human body so that its weight appears to be borne on one leg. |
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Design famous for its scrolls, developed after female body, slender
Examples: Temple of Artemis, Ephesos
Temple of Apollo, Ridyma |
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A quality, as of an experience or a work of art, that arouses feelings of pity, sympathy,
tenderness, or sorrow.
- Laocoon and his sons (Hellenistic) |
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| A surrounding colonnade in Greek architecture. A peristyle building is surrounded on the exterior by a colonnade. Also, a peristyle court is an open colonnaded courtyard, often having a pool and garden. |
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Mainly referring to the Colosseum, Rome.
Each level using different orders and arches. |
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- Super mortar / ceramic material
- The Arch of Constantine, Rome
- The baths of Caracalla, Rome
- The Theater of Pompey, Rome
- The Pantheon, Rome
- The Forum of Augustus |
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| The citadel of an ancient Greek city, located at its highest point and consisting of temples, a treasury and sometimes a royal palace. The most famous is the Acropolis in Athens, where the ruins of the Parthenon can be found. |
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A curved structural element that spans an open space. Built from wedge-shaped stone blocks called voussoirs, which, when placed together and held at the top by a trapezoidal keystone, form an effective weight bearing unit. Requires buttresses at either side to contain outward thrust caused by the weight of the structure.
examples:
Arch of Constantine, Rome
Arch of Titus, Rome |
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| The central corridor of a basilica |
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| An architectural support, usually consisting of massive masonry built against an exterior wall to brace the wall and counter the thrust of the vaults. Transfers the weight of the vault to the ground. |
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A Period in Greek art that was characterized by patterns of rectangles, squares, and other abstract shapes.
(Funerary Vase of Dipylon Cemetary, Athens) |
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An archaic Greek statue of a young man or boy.
example: Standing Youth, Archiac Greek |
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| An image in any material representing a sacred figure or event in the Byzantine, and later the Orthodox, Church. Icons were venerated by the faithful, who believed them to have miraculous powers to transmit messages to God. |
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| Circular space located at the very end of the temple |
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The curved lips of an ancient Greek statue, usually interpreted as an attempt to animate the features.
example, kouros standing youth, Archaic Greek |
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One of the Periods of the Greek era (defined on the basis of pottery styles) Earliest standing Greek Temples date from the Archaic Period.
(Kouros figure, marble archaic period)
(kouros figure from Volomandra, marble late archaic) |
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-Use of Art & Architecture to reflect Imperial ideas
- Rome as caput mundi, capital of the world.
- Romans as perfect engineers
- Integration of the 2D Art with real space
- Rome & periphery
- Roman Civilization: 1st republic then empire, geographic hugeness, use of new techniques, use of art for government propeganda |
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| An elongated or continuous semicircular vault, shaped like a half-cylinder |
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| A depiction in which the physical appearance of the rendered image in nature is the primary inspiration. A naturalistic work appears to record the visible world. |
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| Decorative border constructed from a continuous line, shaped into a repeated motif |
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Half of a dome. Half domes used on both sides to contain central dome from spreading out and creates a bigger space.
Example: Hagia Sophia, Byzantine |
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| Passage or open corridor of a church, hall, or other building that parallels the main space, usually on both sides, and is delineated by a row, or arcade, of columns or piers. Called side aisles when they flank the nave of a church. |
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In architecture, a circular opening. Oculi are usually found either as windows or a the apex of a dome. When at the top of a dome, an oculus is either open to the sky or covered by a decorative exterior lantern,
Example; Pantheon, Rome |
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| Super structure of moldings and bands which lie horizontally above columns resting on their capitals |
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| Vertical channeling roughly semicirulcar in cross section and used on colums and pilasters |
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-Brings you back to a spot(center)
-One main line of movement |
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-Greek vase shape
-Stored things of high value |
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-Used on oldest Greek objects
-Pattern of zig zags |
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-How the ruler wants to be seen
-How images get a message across |
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Make negative cast->
Pos cast->
Waxmelts/bronze enters |
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| Similar to the ouolo molding |
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| Stepped platform on which colonades of temple columns are paces (floor of the temple) |
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-Windowed part of building that rises above roofs of other parts
-Oldest known in egypt |
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upright slabs of stone that commemerate something
Example: Tombstone |
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-One part of body in opposition to another
Example: Hips vs. legs; shoulders vs. chest |
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-Young man
-Put outside temples
-Tons of them
-Purpose undecided
-Some were memorials
-Naked |
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| Where a piece of architecture is located at |
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| Application of a convex curve to a surface for aesthetic purposes |
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-Extremley hard stone (this makes it possible to shine)
-Imported from Egypt to Mesopotamia
-Expensive |
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| Forms the crowning member of a column of a plaster |
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| Flattened out Greek wine vase |
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| Seeing things abstractly and symbolically |
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| Classical architectural element consisting of the triangular section found above the hrizontal structure (entrablate); typically supported by collumns |
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| Top step of the creptidoma |
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Women - white/yellow
Men - red/brown
Example: Jumping the bull |
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-Oxidizing and reducing
-High intensity
-High contrast
-Used by Exekias (the best painter) |
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| The column had a simpler base and was unfluted, while both capital and entablature were without adornments. A plain astragal ringed the column beneath its plain cap. In its simplicity, it is seen as similar to the Doric order, and yet in its overall proportions and intercolumniation, it follows the ratios of the Ionic order. This strong order was considered most appropriate in military architecture and in docks and warehouses when they were dignified by architectural treatment. |
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| A decorative border constructed from a continuous line, shaped into a repeated motif. |
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| Hollow Casting/Lost Wax Casting |
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| Method of casting metal, such as bronze, by process in which a wax mold is covered with clay and plaster, then fired, melting the wax and leaving a hollow form. Molten metal then poured into the hollow space and slowly cooled. When the hardened clay and plaster exterior shell is removed, a solid metal form remains to be smoothed and polished. |
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| Atmosphereric Perspective |
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| Variations in color and clarity caused by distance |
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| The tendency of an artist to distort reality for an emotional effect. Subjective art form. |
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| A column embedded in a wall and partly projecting from the surface of the wall, sometimes defined as semi or three-quarter detached. Typical of Roman architecture. |
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| In painting, the process of creating the illusion of three-dimensionality on a 2D surface by use of light and shade. in sculpture, the process of molding a 3D form out of a malleable substance. |
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| Produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults. The word refers to the edge between the intersecting vaults; cf. ribbed vault. Sometimes the arches are pointed instead of round. |
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| A platform that is used to raise something to a short distance above its surroundings. In architecture a building can rest on one of these if it is large enough. |
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| Large open space, often several stories high and having a glazed roof and/or large windows, often situated within an office building and usually located immediately beyond the main entrance doors |
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| Porch leading to the entrance of a building, or extended as a colonnade, with a roof structure over a walkway |
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| Construction material made out of gravel, limestone, or granite, plus a fine aggregate such as sand), water, and chemical admixtures |
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| Water supply channel (conduit) constructed to convey water from one location to another |
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| Temple of the Greek goddess Athena, built in the 5th century BC on the Athenian Acropolis |
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| A small, round building. Sometimes built underground, as in a Mycenaean tomb. ______ at Delphi for example: located 800 metres from the main site of Delphi. |
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| Colonnade around a peripteral building or a court |
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| The architectural piece at the crown of a vault or arch and marks its apex, locking the other pieces into position |
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| Structure that spans a space while supporting weight. Ancient Romans were the first to apply the technique to a wide range of structures. |
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| Probably comes from the name of the city. Columns in the shape of the female body with weigh carried upon their heads (symbolic of baskets women would carry). |
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| The "stop-action" of a movement that summarizes previous action, and implies future action. looking for the ONE moment that summarizes the action. DISKOBOLOS |
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| Architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed barrel vault) along a given distance. The curves are typically circular in shape, lending a semi-cylindrical appearance to the total design. Simplest form of a vault. |
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| Passage or walkway covered over by a succession of arches or vaults supported by columns |
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| Figural depictions in red colour on a black background, in contrast to the preceding black-figure style with black figures on a red background. One of the most important styles of figural Greek vase painting. |
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| A mixed order, combining the volutes of the Ionic order capital with the acanthus leaves of the Corinthian order. The composite order volutes are larger, however, and the composite order also has echinus molding with egg-and-dart ornamentation between the volutes. |
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| Ancient Greek goddess who personified triumph. Was an attendant of Zeus. |
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| Method of representing three-dimensional space on a two-dimensional surface by the use of formal elements that act to give the impression of recession. |
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| Made of tiny pieces of glass and colored stones arranged to look like something. |
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| Italian term meaning "counterpoise" used in the visual arts to describe a human figure standing with most of its weight on one foot so that its shoulders and arms twist off-axis from the hips and legs |
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| Wedge-shaped element, typically a stone, used in building an arch |
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| Ornamental device often carved in wood, stone or plaster mouldings, consisting of an egg-shaped object alternating with an element shaped like an arrow, anchor or dart |
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| Made for Mausoleus originally, and has been referred to as since then. Tomb Structure that is often circular. |
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| Any plan for a building or city that is based exclusively on right angles, such as the grid plan of many modern cities. |
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