Jan Scruggs

1969-1970

Vietnam War Corporal

disappointed by reception as Vietnam Veteran

Public embarassed by war, veterans not regarded as heros

V V M F

(1978)

Vietnam Veteran Memorial Fund

Fund for the veterans not the war

Jan Scruggs started it with his savings of $2,000

Had $9 million by 1980

1. No political statements

2. Must contain 58,000 names of KIA & MIA

3. Must be contemplative & reflective

4. Harmonize & fit in with the rest of the mall

Chinese-American studying at Yale

won VVMF contest, she submitted it as a class assignment

black shiny granite wall with names inscribed

wall sunk into the earth, one side points towards Wash. Memorial & other towards Jefferson Memorial

names arranged chronologically by death date(1959-1975)

Diamond=KIA +=MIA and + with circle=later found alive

secretary of interior under Regan

listened to convservatives

in charge of mall 

comprised by adding statue of GI's

created GI statue for Vietnam Memorial

called Three Servicemen Memorial

created from bronze

soldier 1-white with colt 45=marines

soldier 2-black with m-16 rifle=army

soldier 3-other with m-16 rifle and hat= all branches

protective coating for bronze

creates rich brown, golden color

protects from erosion

start wtih statue of clay and cover with layer of wax & another layer of clay

after puts hole in top of statue and pours in hot bronze 

melts wax & replaces it

chips off outer & inner layer of clay to get bronze statue

reflective statue appearing to contemplate the wall

won design contest for a statue to honor women of VVM

3 women in uniform on battlefield caring for wounded men

represents faith, hope, and charity

resembles Pieta

Michaelangelo 

Pieta=sorrow

1499

Mary holding Jesus' body

obverse=head 

reverse=tail

designed by Glenna Goodacre

copper with zinc coating

made in 2000

famous as guide for Lewis & Clark expedition

gave birth to son (john the baptist/pomp) 

soaring eagle by Thomas Rodgers on other side

model for Sacajawea

Scheshownee woman

designed reverse of Sacajawea coin

soaring eagle

designed the Liberty Dollar (first US coin)

a goddess with free hair and large bust represented liberty

the great seal is on the other side of the liberty dollar

began tradition of woman head on one side & eagle on the other side

Susan B Anthony Dollar 

1979

obverse=susan b. anthony's portrait

reverse=eagle landing on the moon w/ earth in the sky

(symbol of Apollo II moon mission-1969)

copper body with nickel coding

unsuccessful coin-less compositionally pleasing than Sacajawea 

1970s designed Susan B. Anthony head

Sharp look of determination

disconnect b/w Susan & eagle landing on moon

derrogatory term-unintentionally pretentious & over-sentimental

appeals to low-brow class of people

originated from Jewish peddlers (Yiddish word for worthless knick knaks)

mass prodcued, common, cheap

ex. pink flamingos, gnomes

king of kitsch

died this year and made $50 million

oil paintings and reproduced on posters

new painting everyday

used bright colors, happy scenes

"mall art"

imiatates higher art but sugar-coated

french word for theatrical, exaggerated

intentionally pretentious & over-sentimental

to appeal to high-brow audiences

diachotic to Kitsch

Ex. pop-art like Clothespin by Claus Oldenberg

king of camp

work look like it could found in a gift shop but large scale & expensive

took everyday household objects & displayed them in well-lit cases

used kitsch objects & made them on a larger scale

puppy became signiture in 90s, 30ft puppy outside Gouchinheim in Spain-made of flowers

invited to Venice Biennade to represent American Art

designed $20 gold piece-Double Eagle

most prolific designer of 20th century 

one side with goddess of liberty on the march climbing up w/ flaming torch in left hand & olive branch in right

Attribute-something a figure has that helps describe their actions Ex. Saints

greek for victory

nike of Samothrase is headless, winged statue with flowing robes

1830 leader of French Romantic Revolution

painting of "liberty leading the people"

bare breast could mean lady liberty, woman of the people

outfits of different people represent different contributers to revolution

stroy told with personification

symbolic

"Liberty Leading the People" is a complex allegory

" the troops to get there first"

Delacroix considers himself the avantgarde of society

leader for society

fled Germany when Hitler came to power

created Art History Dept. around the nation 

3 levels of meaning in art

1) Natural/Primary level=anyone can interpret

2)Conventional/secondary level=recognize social conventions, symbols, figures

3)Intrinsic /tertiary level=recognizing ideology of artist or the people

Vilfredo Pareto

1880s-1890s

Italian railroad engineer

asked by Italian gov. to write a report on economic situation

20% of the people owned 80% of the land

started to compare to other countries & found same results

20% effort yields 80% of the results

80/20 rule

study of how images convey meaning

Ex. Art Nouveu style tells us about the people of the time

famous dancer of 1907

invented modern dance

prefered long, flowing robes & bare foot

dance should have flowing, large movement

1904- she started establishing schools of dance 

expressing spirit of Art Nouveau

Model for Lady Liberty on Double Eagle

president in 1907 

important period of expansion (Spanish-American War)

won Nobel Peace prize for ending Russian-Japan War

Double Eagle-rise of liberty, sun rising in the east (Japan)

stick of bronze

6 obols=1 drachma/piece of silver

6 1/4 grams

two drachmas

coin they used to support war against Persians

obverse had head of Athena "goddess of war"

wears helmet with laurel leaves which symbolizes victroy against Persia

reverse had owl to represent city of Athens with AOE

object used to make coin

modern die has die collar to make coin perfectly circular

obverse=zeus with ram horn=Zeus-Amon

zeus-amon is combo of greek & egyption gods

reverse=silphium(plant) with a little crab

Silphium=cured illnesses and made people of Cyrene rich, now extinct

Cyrene=crabtown

mixing things

Ex. religious ideas

created for new reign of masadonia and india by Alexander the Great

25g made of silver

obverse= head of Hercules (killed an invincible lion)

face of Alexander for Hercules portrait (thought himself as modern Hercules)

reverse is Zeus with staff & eagle from Olympia  

flower by foot of Zeus symbolizes where coin was made 

Rose=Island of Rhode

eagle holding olive branch(peace) & arrows(war)

motto of U.S.= E. Pluribus Unum (one of many)

Thomas Jefferson, Ben Franklin, John Adams

suggested by Jefferson

valued Anglo-Saxon English values

thought their portrait should be on Great Seal

first Anglo-Saxon leaders to invad England

trained as a painter in Geneva, Switzerland

advised desining of the Great Seal

Proposed seal with a shiel that had 3 avvrev of states & 6 symbols

woman holding stick with liberty cap (symbol slave set free/liberty)

man with muscket & fur hat representing indepencence 

Motto= E. Plurbus Unum

Eye= symbol used by Egyptians to represent god

taken from Gentleman's Magazine

English magazine shipped to America

one of many

designed flag

changed proposal of Great Shield-2nd proposal

instead of liberty & independnce, war & peace

Motoo was Bello Vel Taiy (in war or in peace)

proposal of third Great seal

studied Heraldry (arrangment of symbols on shield)

shield with stripes & column in the middle

column had phoenix

war officer & lady with dove

motttos of virtus, invicta, sola, & in vintim....

eagle at top with wings spread holding flag & victory wreath on sword

in charge of combining proposals for seal (bricolage)

large eagle (Barton), shield (all), E Pluribus Unum, arrows (war), & olive branch (peace)

James Earle Fraser

(1913-1938)

designed Buffalo Nickel/Indian Head

expert on indian art, sculpted "End of the Trail"

reverse=buffalo from Black Diamond in Central Park Zoo

obverse=indian head (bricolage of three indians)

Replaced unimpressive, awkward Liberty Head Nickle

used for portrait of Indian Head Nickle

Cheyanne Indian from Montana who participated in Battle of Custard

Became Chief of tribe

Sioux Warrior from South Dakota

Adopted in Buffalo Bills (circus of 1880s, 1890s who had show of reenactments of cowboys & indians)

Seneca Indian from upstate NY

had construction job in NY and did shows on Coney Island

Indians believed to be good for constructing skyscrapers b/c they weren't afraid of heights

Acted in movies in1930s

Zeuxis

(400 bc)

ancient greek painter

commissioned by city of Crotona to paint Helen of Troy for a temple

found 5 women with each a perfect part

he combined to create most beautiful woman in the world

used bricolage

popular in 1930s 

hobos for entertainment created portraits on obverse of Indian Head Nickel 

used a knife or carving tool

now collected by museums

1938 re-designed Indian Head Nickel to celebrate Thomas Jefferson's 200th b-day

German immigrant who fought in WWII

obverse=Thomas Jefferson profile

reverse=Monticello (T.J.'s house, which he designed; reflecting classical architecutre)

designed Lincoln Head Penny

head based on photograph

reverse "one cent" with wheat collectors call "wheatie"

created Susie Dollar

reverse=u.s. of a. , one cent, e pluribus unum, lincoln memorial, very sharp & linear

obverse=liberty, date, profile, "in God we trust"

ugliest coin in 1957

baptist minister in 1850s-60s in Ridleyville, Pennsylvania

wondered why South was winning when they were disobeying God?

thought  North needed to acknowledge God

wrote to Salmon Chase

suggested motto "God. Country. Law"

in Lincoln's cabinet-in charge of money

liked Wilkinson's idea b/c it showed Lincoln & US was religion friendly

ordered James Pollock to put something about God on the coins

suggested "our country, our God"

minter of U.S. coins

worried Chase's suggestion wouldn't fit

changed motto to "In God We Trust"

Lincoln was probably involved b/c of inversion & biblical language

chief of U.S. mint in 1957

designed quarter to acknowledge Washington's Birth

redesigned eagle-relfected Adolphe Cassandra's Pi Volo

State Quarter Series

(1999-2008)

Bill Clinton decided to change reverse of quarter to represent each state. Every year 5 states would come out with new quarter chosen by date they entered the union

Delaware-1st coin in 1999

Alfred Lotka

(1920s-30s)

statistican 

immigrant of Eastern Europe 

realized chnage of production roles in inventors while working with patents

CN = 1/N

2

x C, can also be written as CN = C/N

2

, with C being the total 

number of contributors (authors, artists, inventors, prize-winners, murderers, etc.), and 

CN representing the number of contributors producing or achieving at least N 

contributions (novels, paintings, inventions, prizes, murders, etc.)

process started in 2001

Tom Vilsack= governor who appointed commitee of 12 to design

2002 commitee picked 5 best (feeding the world, sullivan brothers, grant wood's american gothic, young corn, foundation in education)

painted by Grant Wood in American Gothic

American Gothic in Chicago

she turned over right for American Gothic to be reproduced

visual artist & gallery administration

no one can reproduce w/o going through VAGA

symbol is an eye w/ copyright symbol

very costly to recreate Grant Wood's American Gothic on coins

film director in 1930s 

wanted a Grant Wood painting 

Wood took back his Arbor Day painting from McKinnely High

paid $12,000 for Arbor Day

Wood's children sold painting in auction in 1990s

bought Grant Wood's Arbor Day in 1995 

wealthy politican 

paid $1 1/3 million 

chief engraver of US mint

made changes to Iowa quarter

Art Spiegelman

author of Maus

Vladek, Anja, Mala

Holocaust survivor

author of Persepolis

survivor of Iranian oppression?

responsible for the bells in the Edgar & Margaret Stanton Campanile

one of the 1st graduates of ISU in 1872

Taught and became head of math department

Married Margaret McDonald, english teacher who eventually became Dean of Women at ISU

Campanile built in 1895 & bells installed in 1899

married to Edward Stanton

Dean of Women at ISU

1872 ISU grad in engineering

improved inventions for farm machinery in Chicago; especially windmills

gave ISU $10,000 to build a lake

his windmills pump water to produce artifical lakes, Lake LaVerne was an advertisement

1st ISU President from New England (1869)

had idea of beautifying campus

made money as landscaper in Florida, became senator of Florida

evergreen plant in N. America & Eurasia that grows on theside of mountains

grows low with a rounded profile; can survive harsh elements

surround Peterson fountain in front of MU 

has blueish betties 

if mixed with alcohol=gin

square boxy foliage that gets clipped for shape

used for abstract topiary work

dark foliage used for cemetaries or foliage

used as a hedge in front of MU

used a transition

has red berries, posionous

smooth gray bark that fits in with limestone on the MU

pioneers would make a Juneberry pie

 has white flowers in April

dark leaves-almost black with a little crimson

varieyt of Norway maple

used for a shade tree in cities b/c it can survive harsh conditions

used as a memorial tree

rock w/ plaque next to tree to honor Vietnam Veterans in 1978

in front of Agronomy Hall

big, heart shaped leave with jagged edges 

bass refers to soft, papery material under the bark which could be torn off in strips and used for ribbon & rope

very strong

branches stretch tall and out, tendency to break off 

Tilia Americana

Linden

Tilia cordata

cousin to the basswood (similar leave but smaller)

more compact and rounded shape

gumdrop look

Europe often planed in rows in cities

tall & straight

tallest tree on campus (50+m)

popular in New England

used for ships mast

clusters of 5 pine needles

light green leaves; needles are soft & blow in the wind

stand alone well

short, stumpy tree 

often used in parking lots

twisted, irregualr trunk & branches

reddish bark

grows in highlands of Scotland

survives in cold, windy places

grows in Eastern Europe (thick dark forests of Transylvania)

long, thin, creepy branches

swirly, knitted bark

Halloween/witches tree

grows in Alps of Switzerland

short tree for entrances

branches run low to the ground

Red Bud 

(Judas Tree)

early blooming tree with red-lavender blossoms

small & easy to handle

known as Judas tree b/c according to legend Judas hung himself on this tree & flowers went from white to red

Euonymus Tree

(Fire Bush)

greek word mean beautiful name from history and folklore of spirit names

known as Spinddle tree in Europe

used for cloth making, tree has strong but flexible branches

compound leaves composed of 7-9 leaflets

Eastern American Forest

has criss-cross, diamond shaped ridges in the bark

produces Samara fruit

soft sturdy trunk, dense wood-similar to Linden

important in pioneer era for creating tools

Borer beetle killing ash

1850s-1880s

popular park & community designer

master of romantic sublime landscape

architecture science

designed for King Louis XIV

city of palace of Versailles

 interior=Charles LeBrun

gardens=Andre LeNotre

architecture=Jules Mansard

made for King Louis XIV

architect for palace of Versailles

broke up facade of palace with columns the palace is so huge, a repeated element would be monotonous

most famous room in palace of Versailles

massive amounts of glass was very impressive in 1660s

used for king to show himself 

(sun king; sun reflected off glass)

famous painter in France

classical style-studied in Italy

in charge of Art Academy to teach principles of classical art

Painted "Burial of Phocion"

by Nicolas Poussin

dynamic balance of small & big tree 

broken up by pathway that leads to a city called Athens

death of Phocion takes place in Athens-general was condemned b/c of rumor he was a traitor

executed and body left in the forest

a warning of jumping to judgement

politeness or ettiquette

making sure everything was done right and in its proper place

invisible, powerful force

used by romanticism

found in nature

painted "slaveship"

used sublime style in his work

quiet version of Joseph Turner

used sublime

"Haywain"-landscape painting with wagon, trees, medow & sheep in the distance

designed by Frederick Law Olmsted with a sublime style

over 800 acres

to bring anture to bustling city life with trees, water, ect....

at th etime people thought it was crazy but increased value of city

winding, SERPENTINE, pathways 

largest lawn called sheep meadow b/c they used to bring in sheep

picturesque details & ruins such as bridges added to central park

dairy barn where fresh milk was made

Horseshoe/Moorish arch was an Islamic tradition

midevil castle in highest point of central park

designed in 1860 by Calvert Vaux

1880 Egypt sent an obflish to put in Central Park 

created by Pharoh Ramasus in 1200, dug up by archeologists

created statue of Balto

in central park

currently stuffed in Cleveland Museum

dog led a rescue team 600 miles through a blizzard to get medicine to save children of Nom, Alaska form dyptherria

memorial honors Balto's virtures of endurance, intelligence, and fidelity

1897 Marston Water Tower

civil engineer asked to modernize water tower for engineering students

reflects Art Nouveau's style (Charles Frederick Worth's princess style)

ISU President 1920s-1930s

chemical engineer 

beautified campus with art by Grant Wood & Christain Peterson

material item that connects with us spiritually

we can recieve strength from

endlessly parodied

familiar

slow film photography

clamped heads to not move

inspired American Gothic

Grant Wood's dentist

model for man in American Gothic

did not want to by recognized...too bad

city in Iowa

where house in America Gothic is located

house built in 1930 with gothic style window that is too big big it was collected by a railroad worker

abstract artist 

started as naturalistic & reduces subject to geometric shapes of black, white, and primary colors

all his works were called "composition"

simplify to horizantal and vertical lines

primary colors, black, and white

famous surrealist 

"Persistance of Memory"-1931

in New York Museum

melted clocks

ambiguity

never sure of setting or why things are happening

what is the relationship of subjects in the American Gothic

patients with mental/emotional problems

thought problems came from unconscious

iceberg theory

wrote a book to convey his thoughts in society through made up character 

Zarathustra 

believes society is to complacent it was stiffled the spirit & the human race will be ruined

the last man of hte human race is called the Letzermensch 

Suggests breaking rules to avoid the letzerensch future

showing dreams as if they were real

connecting concious & unconscious

painted dream scapes

technique of using two different vanishing points on diff. eye levels

making something strange

combine different materials that don't belong