The Treachery of Images

Pipe-"Ceci n'est pas cine pipe"="This is not a pipe"

reflects ideas of surrealism

Verfremdung Effect (Exquisite Corpse)

surrealist painter

raised in spain

moved to Paris & started surrealist movement

moved to America & helped with sets for movie in 40s

used Dreamscape, Verfremdun Effect, optomtrism

"Spring Turning"

(1930s)

Grant Wood

shows surrealism with unnaturally bright & rolling landscape

Maus & Persepolis

speech balloons 

panels

captions 

cartoony (simplified)

Masking Effect= simplfying characters down to basic figures & faces

developed the first modern appearance for comic books

immigrant from Easter Europe & came to US ppor

believed in power to the people

1870s-80s

mechanical printing press powered by a steam engine

printed hundreds of pages at a time

cheaper=reach wider audience

invented by Jospeh Pulitzer

Pulitzer printed "The New York World' newspaper which often bashed Spain- blamed for Spanish-American War in 1898

liked to use pictures

brilliant cartoonist 

created humorous scences of life in the slums for "The NY World"

created first newspaper comic-full page scene w/ no panels

called "The Yellow Kid"- bald kid who wore yellow

Pulitzer's type of journalism

try to increase publicity by printing vulgar, contraversial, exciting stories

type of speech buble on mosaic nativity

first banderole Angel says "I announce to you with great joy"

Ancester of speech ballon

18th century speech ballons used in proploganda in cartoons

1896 started being used by Outcault

influenced by Max & Moritz

wanted Fermans to be familiar with format

newspaper hired Outcult to make comics for them aimed at middle/upper class

Buster Brown gets in trouble for trying to be helpful

has dog Tig/er who Buster can hear

created adventure comics for The New York Harold 

"The Upside-Downs of Little Lady Lovelains & Old Man Muffaroo"

6 panels that can be flipped upside down to create 12

made comic strip for The NY Harold (1905-1911)

used to make circuis posters

created most beautiful, weird comic

comic by Winsor McKay

surrealism 

used panels & panorama

ends with Nemo waking up

spaces b/w the panels of sequential art

we imagine events that happen in the gutter

creates emotional bond b/w reader & story (Scot McCloud's theory)

allows reader to contribute to story & feel power

taught course on comics in Visual Arts Collegge in NY

raise prestige of comics as real art

"Comics and Sequential ARt" (1985) testbook

wanted to switch term comic for sequential art to remove childish connotation

added comics to "Robert's Rule of Order"

his agency created training manual of soldier's on how to handle weapons

published first graphic novel-A Contract With God (1978)

Emporer of Rome 113 AD

put up monument for military victory

tall,marble column covered in sequential art

sequential art told story of defeat of Dacia (engraved relief)

100ft high

carving of god, Danub, the river god rising up out of the water

contains a lot of military history

used little pieces of bronze to create sword

no use of gutters

carved wooden doorway (900 AD) by vikings

various creatures & plants, difficult to differentiate- the barbarian interlace

knots and tangles reflect nomadic leaving & belief in intertwining forces-very superstitious

influenced by barbarin interlace

irish monks very influenced (8x10 cross form bible filled with b. interlace)

barbarians & missionaries believed words had power within themselves

Chi-Rho

(XP)

initails of Christ

treated as powerful & sacred within themselves

important Barbarian idea

F (fay-who) means cattle & represents

X (gay-boo) gift

I (eesa) ice, death

letters used to predict future

protective snake/dragon w/ letters on it

letters bring it life to protect

called Apotrpic="to keep evil away"

225 ft. strip of cloth

sequentail art of Norman conquest to celebrate victory and document event

William killed English-Saxon, Harold

made for decoration of banquest hall by Queen Matilda

first time words interact with story (men amazed at Haley's comet)

first use of gutters

created first printing press

movable type press machine, ink

print books faster & print pictures/ illustrations

1493-The Noranberg Chronicle (history of the world)

#1 best seller

German Book illustrator

children's books to be entertaining & instructional 

two mischevious boys, print in color

still in print today

worked for San Francisco Chronicle

sports writer & illustrater

in 1907 created "Mutt & Jeff" cartoon

Aguustus Mutt is crazy about sprots (wears cuffed pants indicated a sports fanactic)

Jeff-Chubby, sports, knows nothing about sports

Mutt always tricks Jeff

Jeff is a schlemiel 

kind-hearted by gullible person

a lovable loser

from New Orleans 

Criole (African/White/Indian)

told people he was Greek

Wrote Krazy Kat comic which evolved from the Dingbats

Dingbats were a family of schlemiels

Krazy Kat started as footnote

People liked footnote better so evolved into main comic

Krazy Kat

(1913-1944)

Krazy=black cat with white face

symbolizes Harriman who was black but pretended to be white

characters acknowledge they are comic strip characters

Ex. ripping paper, half-finished drawing

salesman for a NY color printing company

stock market crashed & his co. lost money

took Sunday comics & made them into booklets for 10 cents

"Funnies on Parade", "Famous Funnies"

used cheap saddle stiching to hold broadsheets together

first comic book

Jewish kids from Cleveland, OH

loved sci-fi & adventure

went to NY after h.s. to be comic strip artists

hired by DC to illustrate

created Slam Bradley (strongman)& Dr. Occult (magician)

paid $10 a page that they split

approached Max Gaines with idea of superman

rejected idea b/c sounded Nazi

1938

published by DC

missing 13 pages so Max Gaines use Siegel & Shuster's superman idea to fill the space and the cover page

impulsive, immdeiate need or desire

Ignatz

mediates bw id & superego to satisfy needs

Krazy Kat

his parents ent him from an unnamed planet to Earth to save him

so strong b/c his planet was more evolved and advanced

in early comics he could leap- not fly

Louis Lane

tights-typical of circuis strongman

cape-typical of magicians

in 1920s -30s became characteristic of futuristic/sci-fi characters (Flash Gordon)

V shape 

broad shoulder & smaller waist

 1930s ideal athletic male body type

model for Superman's physique

 used comics in his ads

articial man created by rabi in midevil Europe 

Jewish legend

saves damsels in distress & people from disaster

means 36

God should spare humanity b/c there are 36 righteous men in th eworld

Jewish fable

These 36 men do good deeds in secret and have unheroic personalities

first display of television 

promoted idea of robots (Electro)

engineer who believed future will be faster and healthier

developed robot house

maximum dynamism

3-wheel vehicle

people believed future would be like that

promoter of streamlining

believed it would be design of the future

industrial designer of 1930s 

motto MAYA

"most advanced yet acceptable"

Raymond Lowey's motto

people do not accept things to advanced into the future