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Definition
| System of knowledge, concepts, rules and practices that are learned and transmitted across generations - includes language, religion/spirituality, family structures, life-cycle stages, ceremonial rituals and customs, moral and legal systems. Culture is dynamic/ever-changing. Be careful not to overgeneralize assumptions about an individual's culture or stereotypes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Culturally constructed category of identity that divides humanity into groups based on a variety of superficial traits based on hypothetical intrinsic/biological differences. Race has no consistent biological definition but is important because it is basis for ideologies, racism and discrimination/social exclusion, leading to negative mental health effects and implications for tx outcomes. Can also affect diagnostic assessment and therefore tx. |
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Term
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Definition
| Culturally constructed group identity used to define peoples and communities. May be rooted in common history, language, religion or other shared characteristics of groups - may be self-assigned or attributed by others. Today many hybrid ethnicities due to intermarrying etc. Culture, race and ethnicity all play into SES difference and health disparities - can be a source of strength to an individual but also of distress. |
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| DSM outline for cultural formulation |
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Definition
| describe cultural identity of the individual (relationships, development, access to resources, current challenges) - note both ethnic past and history of immigrant. Language and social integration; SES and other cultural factors. |
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| DSM outline for cultural formulation |
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Definition
| cultural conceptualization of distress/sx in context of their cultural background/others - consider traditional/alternative/CAM approaches |
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Term
| DSM outline for cultural formulation |
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Definition
| psychosocial stressors and supports (family/religion/social etc.) |
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Term
| DSM outline for cultural formulation |
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Definition
| differences between clinician and patient in language, culture, SES - any history of racism or discrimination that would impede TA? Problems eliciting symptoms, misunderstanding of cultural significance of sx/bx, maintaining rapport. |
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Term
| DSM outline for cultural formulation |
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Definition
| summarize implications of components of cultural formulation |
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Term
| DSM Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) |
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Definition
| Person-centered approach to avoid stereotyping; use in conjunction with clinical interview gathering of demographic information |
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Term
| CFI - cultural definition of problem |
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Definition
| elicit individual's view of problem; how do they understand it? how would they describe it to others in their culture? what is the biggest issue in the problem? |
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Term
| CFI - cultural perceptions of problem |
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Definition
| meaning of the problem for individual? why is it happening? how do others in their circle view the problem? explore life supports/resilience factors; explore stressors that add to the problem; explore cultural identity and how it affects problem (+-) |
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Term
| CFI - factors affecting self-coping and past help-seeking |
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Definition
| how have your coped? medical/traditional/counseling etc? what barriers to help? tap experiential aspects |
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Term
| CFI - current help-seeking |
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Definition
| individual's perceived needs and expectations; explore deeper if shallow answers; social issues? how could I help? explore client-therapist relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| Latino concept of intense emotional upset, screaming/crying/shouting, heat in chest rising to head, verbal/physical aggression; sometimes dissociation, seizures - can seem PTSD related or due to chronic stress, panic disorder, dissociative disorder, conversion DO. Can include suicidal ideation, outpatient psych tx, paroxysmal anx. incl laughing. |
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Definition
| South Asian concept of anxiety, fatigue, weight loss, impotence and other somatic complaints (due in part belief to semen loss - 'dhatu' Hindu belief of one of seven fluids in body necessary to maintain health); common in India and Pakistan; related to 'koro' in SE Asia and 'shen-keui' in China (kidney deficiency). Related: MDD, PDD, GAI, SSD, PE. |
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Definition
| Cambodian concept, resembles panic attack; catastrophic cognition that khyal (wind-like substance) arises in body/blood, compressing lungs, entering cranium to cause tinnitus, dizziness/ blurred vision, fainting. Similar to 'pen lom' (Laos), 'hwa byung' (Korea); DSM - panic attack, GAI, agoraphobia, PTSD, illness anxiety disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| 'thinking too much' in Shona, 'brain fag' in Nigeria - worrying/ruminating (anx/dep), can be studying too much; somatic sx such as headaches. |
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Definition
| 'sent sickness' in Haiti - belief that illness is 'wished upon others' - can be psychological/physical/environmental. Caused by envy/hatred, sometimes success of others, so successful people more vulnerable to attack. In Spain, 'evil eye'. In DSM, delusional disorder, persecutory type; schizophrenia with paranoid features. |
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Definition
| Common among Latin Americans - similar to MDD/GAD/PDD/SSD/schiz - mostly anx/dep with somatic complaints |
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Definition
| 'weakness of nervous system' in Mandarin; convergence of TCM/Western med view of neurasthenia (mental fatigue, headache, irritability, insomnia); 'fen nao' - irritability/worry/distress over unfulfilled desires/conflicting thought. SS may be due to environmental stress or 'losing face', or acute sense of failure. Can be due to general weakness, loss of 'qi' (life force). Up to 45% of patients in China who have Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders diagnosed SS do not meet any DSM diagnostic criteria. Similar to shinkei-suijaku (Japan), ashaktapanna (India) - in DSM5, MDD, PDD, GAD, SSD, social anxiety, specific phobia, PTSD, also chronic fatigue syndrome. |
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Term
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Definition
| 'fright' in Latin/South America/Mexico; belief that frightening event causes soul to leave body resulting in sickness/dep/anx/death. Can result from sense of abandonment by family (unlovable/unworthy). DSM5 - MDD, PTSD, SSD |
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Definition
| interpersonal fear disorder in Japan; fear that one will appear inadequate or offensive in social situations; similar to olfactory reference syndrome in US; sensitive to interpersonal interactions and fear of offending others; also resembles body dysmorphic and delusional disorders. Taein kong po in Korea; DSM5 - SAD BDD OCD DO. |
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