Neurodevelopment Disorders:

Intellectual Disability/

Intellectual Developmental Disorder

Formerly known as Mental Retardation

• In order to properly diagnose, assessment of both cognitive capacity (IQ) and adaptive functioning is needed

Includes the following criteria: Based on three domains; conceptual (learning), social, and practical (personal care)

1. Deficits in intellectual functioning such as reasoning, problem solving, judgement, confirmed by IQ testing

2. Deficits in adaptive functioning such as communication and social participation

3. Onset of intellectual and adaptive functioning during developmental stages

Specify the severity: mild, moderate, severe, or profound

Neurodevelopment Disorder:

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Combination of DSM-4 diagnoses of autism and asperger's

No longer Pervasive Development Disorder.  Symptoms must be present since early childhood.

Can be recognized around 12 to 18 months

Based on Two Core Domains:

1. Deficits in social communication and social interaction - failure to hold a conversation, reduced sharing of interests, failure to initiate social interactions, lack of eye contact, lack of facial expressions, maintaining and understanding relationships, absence of interest in peers

2. Restrictive, repetitive patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities - motor stereotypes, lining up toys, inflexible routines, distress at small changes, strong attachment, hyper/hypo-reactivity such as excessive smelling or touching of objects, eat same food everyday

Specify Current Severity Based on Support:

Level 1 - requiring support

Level 2 - requiring substantial support

Level 3 - requiring very substantial support

This is based on the amount of support needed due to ASD challenges 

Neurodevelopment Disorders: 

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

(ADHD)

At least 6 months & impacts daily activities. 

Applies to all ages

Diagnostic criteria: note how criteria may include various age groups

1.  Fails to pay attention or misses details related to school, work, and activities.  Difficulty sustaining attention in tasks like no being able to remain focus during lectures and conversations. 

2. Fails to finish schoolwork or misses deadlines at work.  Difficulty staying organized.  Forgetful in daily activities like running errands, paying bills, loses kets, phones etc. 

3. Hyperactivity symptoms - Often fidgets, taps hands, squirms in seat.  Leaves classroom or workplace.  Often runs or climbs in situations where it's inappropriate.  Talks excessively.  Difficulty editing his or her turn. 

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Schizophrenia

Disturbance persists for at least 6 months or greater.  

Two symptoms are always needed; 

hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking (speech), disorganized or catatonic behavior.  

Catatonic - muscular ridgity, mental stupor (no psychomotor activity), not speaking, echolalia (repeating another's words), echopraxia (repeating another's movements)

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders:

Schizophreniform

Same symptoms od schizophrenia but DURATION is

at least 1 month and LESS than 6 months

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders:

Schizoaffective Disorder

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Brief Psychotic Disorder

Psychotic Episode at least one day but less than one month:

 Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior

Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders

Delusional Disorder

1. The presence of one or more delusions for one month or greater. Irrational Beliefs; Hallucinations are either absent to not prominent

Specific Types: 

Persecutory - being maliciously treated

Grandiose - false belief that one is a genius, has special powers, or abilities (delusions of grandeur) 

Erotomanic -  Delusion that another person is in love with the individual 

Somatic Type - belief involves body (body is diseased)

Bipolar and Related: 

Bipolar I 

(manic-depression) 1 or more manic episodes with abnormally elevated, irritable mood; pressured speech, excessive pleasurable, high-risk activity, cycling between mania & depression.

HAS A CLINICAL IMPACT ON LIFE 

-losing a job, eviction from a home, a divorce

Bipolar and Related:

Biopolar II

Major depressive episodes with at least one hypomanic episode (less manic) 

Does not have a clinical impact, depressive symptoms*

Bipolar and Related:

Cyclothymic Disorder

Chronic, fluctuation mood with hypomania and mild depressive symptoms

Symptoms over a period of at least two years

Depressive Disorders: 

Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder: 

Diagnosed in children up to age 18

Persistent irritability and anger, frequent severe temper outbursts, occurring 3 or more times a week, occur in at least 2/3 settings

Depressiv Disorder:

Major Depressive Disorder

Significant Weight Loss or Weight gain, insomnia or excessive sleep, loss of interest

SAD, EMPTY, WORTHLESSNESS

Thoughts of suicide

Duration of symptoms = 2 weeks or more  

Depressive Disorders

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) 

Duration of symptoms - 2 years or more

Chronic Depression - Symptoms are less severe than major depressions but last longer.

Anxiety Disorders:

Separation Anxiety

Persistent and excessive destress when seated from home or major attachment figure/s.  

Duration: 

Children and Adolescence - at least 4 weeks

Children experience - clinging, school refusal, sleep refusal - unless the person is near by

Adults - at least 6 months 

Could be any significant relationship; sibling, spouse, adult child.  Persistent worry about major attachment figures. 

Anxiety Disorders:

Selective Mutism

Duration: 

At least one month

Failure to speak in certain specific social situations despite speaking in other situations.  Interferes with daily activities and responsibilities such as school and employment.

Anxiety Disorders:

Panic Disorder

Brief recurrent intense fear

PANIC ATTACKS

Treatment - relaxation techniques

Anxiety Disorders:

Agoraphobia

Anxiety Disorders:

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Duration - 6 months or greater

Excessive worry with PHYSICAL symptoms;

sweating, nausea, agitation, headache, stomachache

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders:

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Intrusive RECURRENT THOUGHTS or COMPULSIVE behaviors (hand washing, ordering), mental (counting, repeating words).  

Time-consuming cause impairment in daily activities

Gaol is to reduce anxiety

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders:

Hoarding Disorder

Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders:

Trichotillomania

Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders:

Reactive Attachment 

LACK OF ATTACHMENT to caregiver

Ex. Foster care children

Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders:

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 

Duration: Within 3 months of the event 

Have symptoms for one month or more. 

RE-EXPERIENCING/RE-CALLING a severe trauma, NIGHTMARES, FLASHNACKS.  

Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders:

Acute stress Disorder

Occurs within one month of experiencing trauma, severe anxiety and dissociative symptoms

May include: directly experiencing, witnessing, or learning about the event. 

Trauma and Stressor-Related Disorders:

Adjustment Disorder

Occurs within 3 months of stressor/s

Emotional or behavioral symptoms responding to a sudden stressor.

May include: with depressed mood, with anxiety, with mixed anxiety & depressed mood. 

Somatic Symptoms & Related Disorders:

MAJOR CHANGES 

Illness Anxiety Disorder

Somatic Symptoms & Related Disorders:

MAJOR CHANGES 

Somatic Symptom Disorder 

Duration: 6 months or more

One or more somatic symptoms that cause distress and disrupt daily activities.  Persistent thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in relation to somatic complaints, without medical evidence of illness. 

Specify - mild, moderate, severe

Somatic Symptoms & Related Disorders:

MAJOR CHANGES 

Conversion Disorder

Physical pain/symptoms with no medical cause due to Stress/Emotional CONFLICTS.  

Alters motor or sensory functions

Symptoms may include - Numbness, paralysis, loss of sensation. 

Somatic Symptoms & Related Disorders:

MAJOR CHANGES 

Factitious Disorder

 Factitious Disorder Imposed on SELF:

Intentionally produced or FAKING physical or emotional symptoms for attention seeking purposes

 Factitious Disorder Imposed on ANOTHER

the abuse of another/falsification of physical or psychological symptoms in another, typically a child, in order to seek attention or sympathy for the abuser

Somatic Symptoms & Related Disorders:

MAJOR CHANGES 

Malingering

Condition associated with factitious disorder

FAKE an illness for PERSONAL GAIN or purpose.

Ex. FAKE AN ILLNESS or faking an injury to collect disability payment 

Disruptive, Impulse-Control & Conduct Disorders

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Duration: 6+ months

Grouped into three types: 

Angry/Irritable Mood - loses temper, easily annoyed. 

Argumentative/defiant behavior: Often argues with adults/authority figures, does not follow rules, blames others.

Vindictiveness: Spiteful or vindictive

At least twice in the past 6 months

Disruptive, Impulse-Control & Conduct Disorders:

Conduct Disorder

SERIOUS Violations. 

Violates other Rights, Bullies, Shoplifts, Truancy

Substance-Related & Addictive Disorders:

Gambling Disorder

Substance-Related & Addictive Disorders:

Substance Use Disorder

Cognitive, behavioral, & physiological symptoms show that the individual continues to use the substance despite having substance-related problems

**Substance Abuse and Dependance are not separated, they are combined into one disorder**

EXAMPLE - Alcohol Use Disorder - Problematic pattern of alcohol use that causes impatient or distress.  Taking larger amounts, higher tolerance, craving or strong desire, failure to fulfill obligations at work, home, or school.

Other examples - alcohol, stimulant (cocaine), cannabis, and hallucinogens. 

Neurocognitive Disorders: 

Delirium 

Duration: Develops over a short period of time (hours-days)

Disturbance in attention, awareness, consciousness, DISORIENTED. 

Medical or substance induced

Dehydration, Head Trauma, Malnutrition

Major and Mild Neurocognitive Disorders

(combined dementia & amnestic): 

Major Neurocognitive Disorder 

Significant decline in cognitive domains: Complex attention (difficulty with multiple stimuli), executive functioning (decision-making), learning and memory (requires frequent reminders) language (recalling names), perceptual-motor (difficulty driving, walking at night), or social cognition (identifying emotions)

Specify - Alzheimer's, Traumatic Brain Injury, HIV, Parkinson's, medical condition.