Term
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Definition
| least common type; PT report metallic bitter tastes; requires medical investigation |
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Term
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Definition
| requires medical investigation; PT report foul smells (e.g. body odor, rubber) smell is the sense most linked to memory |
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Term
| Difference Between a hallucination and a delusion/ Olfactory Hallucinations |
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Definition
| If a person can actually smell something it is a hallucination. If a person thinks that only others can smell it is a delusion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Find a conceptualized standardized format with flexibility and following the client's needs |
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Term
| How does a mental state become disordered? |
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Definition
| When it interferes with the function of the PT; socially, with work, lasting 6 months or more |
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Term
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Definition
| In clients own words:"How can I help you; What kind of problems bring you here today? What do you mean when you say..." |
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Term
| History of Presenting Problems (part I) |
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Definition
| NOTEPAD; Nature of problem, Onset, Triggers, Exacerbating factors, progression, associated symptoms, disability on life |
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Term
| History of Presenting Problems (Part II) |
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Definition
| Find the suffering, major symptoms, essential symptoms, stressors, interpersonal conflicts, patterns of maladjustment, WHEN DID IT BEGIN? WHAT INITIATED IT? WHAT ESCALATED IT? |
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Term
| After History of Presenting Problems you do what? |
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Definition
| Screen for more problems, 17 diagnostic areas (essential symptoms) |
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Term
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Definition
| depressed mood or lack of pleasure for two more weeks resulting in social, occupational, and affective impairments |
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Term
| Secondary Essential Symptoms |
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Definition
| 2 or more of following to validate diagnosis: poor appetite/overeating, insomnia/hypersomnia, low energy/fatigue,low self-esteem, poor concentration, hopelessness |
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Term
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Definition
| feelings of inadequacy, social withdrawals, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt |
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Term
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Definition
| Disorders in youth, cognitive (delirium, dementia), general medical conditions, substance abuse, schizo, psychosis, mood disorders, three A's (anxiety, avoidance, arousal), somatoform, factitious behavior, dissociative, sexual, eating, impulse control, adjustment, personality, other |
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Term
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Definition
Appearance,behavior,cooperation
Speech, thought, affect, mood, perceptions(5 senses),
Level of Consciousness, insight, cognitive, knowledge, endings (suicidal), reliability |
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Term
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Definition
| Objective: age, posture, grooming, hair, nails, odor, health, weight |
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Term
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Definition
| activity during the interview: gestures, mannerisms, alertness, hyper/hypoactive, eyecontact, relaxed, distracted, preoccupied |
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Term
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Definition
| attitude: guarded, angry, hostile, suspicious, hostile, secretive, defensive |
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Term
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Definition
| observed: foggy, dreamlike, spaced out, far away, alert, attentive, in-tune, focused |
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Term
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Definition
| Quantity, rate, volume, fluency |
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Term
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Definition
| pervasive sustained emotion, subjective, sustained for months; emotional background |
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Term
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Definition
| the way one shows emotion; emotional foreground, |
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Term
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Definition
| little if any change in the quantity and quality of affect with different topics of conversation; often seen in schizo |
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Term
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Definition
| severely reduced level of affect; little face expressions; often seen in schizo |
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Term
| Appropriateness of Affect |
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Definition
| reflecting affect that is consistent with conversation (e.g. giggling while talking about death of spouse) |
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Term
| Thought processes and form |
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Definition
| how a person thinks; the degree of connection between ideas and the flow of thought; organization |
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Term
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Definition
| what a person thinks about |
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Term
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Definition
| persistent underlying disturbance to conscious thought |
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Term
| Irrelevance; tight between ideas, sentences but no logical connection; |
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Definition
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Term
| Change topics; rapid non-goal directed, logical but hard to keep up with |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Departure from topic to topic with no return; never answers question but lands close |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| beating around the bush; vauge; but has sentence structure; takes a long time to get to the point; extraneous detail |
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Term
| Nonsensical; words have no connection |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Speech is halted suddenly, after a "Block" the person cannot recall |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| words or phrases made up by the client |
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Term
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Definition
| totally unrelated to the topic |
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Term
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Definition
| Play on words, funny, double meanings |
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Term
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Definition
| false beliefs; range (quite bizarre-plausible) mood congruent or mood incongruent |
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Term
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Definition
| very strange and implausible, aliens have removed my brain; seen in delusions of control, nihilistic, thought broadcasting insertion or removal |
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Term
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Definition
| content is mistaken, but possible; seen in Persecutory delusions, somatic, grandiose, jealousy and guilt delusions |
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Term
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Definition
| any delusion consistent with depressed or manic state (depressed=world ending,manic=has special talents) |
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Term
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Definition
| delusion whose content is not consistent with either a depressed or manic state |
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Term
| enticement, privilege, special powers, contacting famous people, great unrecognized talent |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| denying owner ship of assets |
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Term
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Definition
| belief one is being followed, mail opened, office is bugged phone tapped |
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Term
| Events objects, things in immediate environment have meaning e.g. a commercial is being directed to you |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| belief external force controlling them; thought withdrawal, insertion, broadcasting |
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Term
| Stalking; someone of higher status loves them; devoted |
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Definition
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Term
| How is an overvalued idea different from a delusion? |
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Definition
| it is less firmly held, content is less absurd; it is not systematized as a delusion which has it's own logic; |
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Term
| What is the effect of a overvalued idea on the client? |
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Definition
| it preoccupies the client's thinking and alters their behavior |
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Term
| If a patient is having a thought, impulse, idea or image that is constant, is resisted, recognized as being irrational, and uncontrollable it is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Persistent behavior noticed by client; maybe behavioral response for obsession |
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Definition
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Term
| special senses of sight, hearing, touch, taste, pain, temperature |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| perception with NO object; |
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Term
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Definition
| MOST COMMON;range ill-defined/highly organized, one or more voices; speaking to the person saying their name; no voices, yes sounds=not as severe |
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Term
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Definition
| Intelligence, orientation to person place and time, attention and concentration, focus, memory, abstraction |
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Term
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Definition
| Digit Span, begin with 3 numbers 7-8 number sequences; Spelling Backwards |
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Term
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Definition
| Calculations; serial 7's(start with 100 subtract 7) serial 3's start from 20 subtract 3 |
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Term
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Definition
| many years ago; dates of graduations, climatic events |
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Term
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Definition
| information and vocabulary, abstraction |
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Term
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Definition
| realization and awareness of self; impact of disease on self and others |
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Term
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Definition
| mental disorders according to the clustering of the subjective complaints |
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Term
| What are some of the signs of a mental disorder? |
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Definition
| observable abnormalities in behavior, cognition or speech that are considered pathological |
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Term
| What does the multiaxial system facilitate? |
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Definition
| Comprehensive and systematic evaluation with attention to the various mental disorders, medical conditions, psychosocial and environmental problems, and a level of functioning-represents the diversity in individuals |
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Term
| What are some of the advantages of the DSM? |
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Definition
| is has improved reliability in diagnosis; clarified the diagnostic process and encourages history taking; also same for differential diagnosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| seeking the most elegant, economical, and efficient diagnosis accounting for all data |
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Term
| When does a mental state become disordered |
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Definition
| when it causes distress, and interferes with a person's ability to function at work and in relationships |
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Term
| Symptoms-signs-and syndromes |
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Definition
Symptoms: mental disorders
Signs: observable abnormalities in behaviors, speech, cognition
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Term
| Logic and purpose of the AXIS System |
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Definition
| A system that characterizes clients in multiple ways; reflects the biopsychosocial model;its organized |
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Term
|
Definition
AXIS I: Clinical Disorders (dystonic, vcodes)
Axis II: Personality Disorders (syntonic)
Axis III: General Medical Conditions (may cause Axis I)
Axis IV: Psychosocial & Environmental Problems
Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning |
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Term
| What are the V codes? When do you use them? |
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Definition
| used when pt has other conditions e.g. relational, related to abuse or neglect; malingering, No diagnosis on Axis I |
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Term
| Mental Status Exam is ABC STAMP LICKER. It is in the HERE AND NOW; behavior observation conversation exploration |
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Definition
| MSE: what is it, why is it important? What time frame does it cover? |
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Term
| different types of affect |
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Definition
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Term
| Definition of hallucinations |
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Definition
| disorders of perception w/o an object; false perceptions; |
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Term
| Positive "You're positively having a breakdown;" Hallucinations> Negative; blunted affects,alogia |
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Definition
| difference between positive and negative symptoms |
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Term
| active and residual phases of schizophrenia |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| mild, moderate, severe, profound major depressive disorder, ego dystonic "alien to self," clinical, if more than 1 report all; |
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Term
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Definition
| fundamental to record keeping; the DSM consists of 3 numbers, X indicate in code indicates specific code number |
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Term
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Definition
| few symptoms, minor impairment in functioning |
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Term
|
Definition
| functional impairment b/w mild and severe |
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Term
|
Definition
| symptoms in excess; marked impairment in social and occupational functioning |
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Term
| Diagnostic Criterion A schizophrenia |
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Definition
| delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior |
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Term
| Diagnostic Criterion B schizophrenia |
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Definition
| social and occupational dysfuction, interpersonal conflict; or in childhood failure to achieve prior to the onset |
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Term
| Diagnostic Criterion C schizophrenia |
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Definition
| duration; at least six months with at least one month active symptoms; |
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Term
| Diagnostic Criterion D schizophrenia |
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Definition
| Schizoaffective and mood disorder exclusion; no major depressive, manic or mixed episodes; brief duration |
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Term
| prodromal or residual symptoms |
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Definition
| surrounding active-phase; where mainly negative signs are present |
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Term
| Diagnostic Criterion E schizophrenia |
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Definition
| substance/general medical condition rule out; not due to a substance |
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Term
| Diagnostic Criterion F schizophrenia |
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Definition
| Relationship to developmental disorder; autism |
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Term
| classification of longitudinal course |
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Definition
| can only be applied only after one year had elapsed since the intial onset of active-phase symptoms |
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Term
| What is assigned whenever disorganized speech and behavior and flat or inappropriate affect are prominent? |
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Definition
| Disorganized type; unless catatonic is also present |
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Term
| If a PT is preoccupied with delusions and having a lot of hallucinations, what type of schizophrenia do they have? |
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Definition
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Term
| Presentations of active-phase symptoms, but not meeting the criteria for Catatonic, disorganized or paranoid type |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the residual type of of schizophrenia? |
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Definition
| when a patient is continuing to have evidence of a disturbance but is no longer in active phase |
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Term
| GAF- Global Assessment of Functioning |
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Definition
| looks at functions and symptoms; 1-10 scaled on ten increment categories |
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Term
|
Definition
| verbal unresponsiveness; not associated with the PT not moving (immobility) |
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Term
|
Definition
| unresponsive; may not move or respond to painful stimuli; may need supervision |
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Term
|
Definition
Gegenhalten;
1. A habitual attitude of skepticism or resistance to the suggestions, orders, or instructions of others.
2. Behavior characterized by persistent refusal, without apparent or logical reasons, to act on or carry out suggestions, orders, or instructions of others. |
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Term
| If a client is just sitting there maintaining a posture for a long period, lips puckered, laying as though there was a pillow underneath, what type of catatonia are they demonstrating? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| If someone has a waxy flexibility what does that mean? |
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Definition
| feature of catatonia in which, offers initial resistance but will gradually move |
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Term
|
Definition
| (the concept of vegetative is used in referring to disturbances in sleep, appetite, weight change, fatigue and low energy)—indicate it is a clinical depression |
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Term
|
Definition
| it does not change dramatically |
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Term
| Diagnostic criteria essential feature |
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Definition
| 5 of 9 symptoms for two weeks representing changes in function; loss of interest; anhedonia can be present for diagnosis |
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Term
|
Definition
Subjective report( feels sad or empty)-negative affective arousal-morbidly painful emotion
Observation of others( appears tearful)
Negative affective arousal-somatic quality-in the extreme is indescribably painful |
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Term
| Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all activities |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Significant weight loss when not dieting or weight gain more than 5% of body weight in a month. (may lead to dehydration and malnutrition in elderly clients; ( hyperphagia)Decrease in appetite or less frequently desire to eat |
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Term
|
Definition
• early: difficulty falling asleep, often tossing or turning for several hours before dozing off.
• Middle: awakening in the middle of the night, remaining awake for an hour or two, and finally falling asleep.
• Late-Terminal: awakening early in the morning and being unable to return to sleep.
Hypersomnia
Occasionally the sleep difficulties may involve a need to sleep excessively the client may complain of feeling chronically tired and needing to spend 10-14 hours each day in bed. |
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Term
|
Definition
Retardation:(often altered) slowed down or agitated---Agitation:
Restless or extremely irritable or tense. |
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Term
|
Definition
| ( fatiguing too easily or lacking energy or pep-in a general medical setting this may be one of the most common presenting complaints of depression |
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Term
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Definition
| May lose confidence; . May feel guilty over actual or fantasized misdeeds they have committed in the past. Usually the misdeed is seen as more terrible than it actually was. ( may be delusional) |
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Term
296.21—
mild, Major depressive disorder, single episode, mild 296.21 |
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Definition
| .x1—mild: few if any symptoms in excess of those required to make the diagnosis and symptoms result in only minor impairment in occupational function or in usual activities or relationship with others (if individual can continue to pursue their obligations (work, family)- |
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Term
| 296.22 Major depressive disorder, single episode, moderate,296.22 |
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Definition
| .x2—moderate: symptoms or functional impairment between “mild’ and “severe” (troublegetting out of bed and can no longer engage in any obligatory activities) |
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Term
296.23
Severe without psychotic features:Major depressive disorder severe without psychotic features. 296.23 |
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Definition
| several symptoms In excess of those required to make the diagnosis, and symptoms markedly interfere with occupational function or with usual social activities or relationship with others |
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Term
|
Definition
| delusions and hallucinations whose content is entirely consistent with the typical depressive themes of personal inadequacy, guilt, disease, death, nihilism or deserved punishment |
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Term
| 296.24 MDD with psychotic features |
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Definition
| Delusions or hallucinations. If possible, specify whether the psychotic features are mood congruent or mood in-congruent; ASK CONGRUENT OR INCONGRUENT |
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Term
|
Definition
| content does not involve typical depressive themes of personal inadequacy guilt, disease, death, nihilism, or deserved punishment-persecutory, thought insertion, thought broadcasting and delusions of control |
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Term
| Major depressive disorder, single episode, in partial remission 296.25 |
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Definition
| in partial remission: symptoms are present but full criteria are not met or there is a period without any significant symptoms of a major depressive episode lasting less than 2 months |
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Term
| Major depressive disorder, single episode, in full remission 296.26 |
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Definition
| x6—in full remission: during the past 2-9 months, no significant sign or symptoms of the disturbance were present.x0; unspecified |
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Term
| R/O: Grief/bereavement- V62.82 |
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Definition
| if they do not have a diagnosis of a mental disorder; The “normal;” emotional state that most closely resembles a major depressive disorder is acute bereavement since up to 1/3 of people who lose their spouse would meet criteria for a MDE within 3 months of spouses death. |
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Term
| Schizhophreniform: when do we us it? |
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Definition
| we use this diagnosis when the active, prodromal, and residual phase at least 1 month but but less than six |
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Term
| subtypes of schizophrenia |
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Definition
| BIPOLAR TYPE-if a manic episode or mixed episode is present along with major depressive. DEPRESSIVE TYPE- only if MDE is part of the presentation |
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Term
|
Definition
| presence of one more more nonbizarre delusions, no Criterion A can be present to give this diagnosis; Erotomanic, jealous, grandiose, somatic, persecutory |
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Term
|
Definition
| Positive symptoms, last 1 day less than 1 month; full remission of all symptoms and return to the premorbid level of functioning within one month |
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Term
| Major depression; single or recurrent |
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Definition
| SOME PEOPLE HAVE ONLY A SINGLE EPISODE, with a full return to premorbid functioning-however more than 50% of those who initially suffer a single episode eventually develops another. In these case the diagnosis is revised to recurrent major depressive disorder |
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Term
| Too little emotion, Negative perception, Tendency to underthink, Passive behavior, Slowed down mental state, and is Physically low). |
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Definition
| Concept of ‘ vegetative” ( conceptual) |
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Term
|
Definition
| depressed, interest, weight, sleep, motor control, energy, guilt, concentration, suicide DIWS MEG CS |
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Term
|
Definition
early-diff falling asleep
middle-awakening in mid night; falling asleep 1-2 hours at a time
late terminal- waking up early 4am
Hypersomnia- 10-14 hours in bed |
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|
Term
| Criterion A Major Depressive Episode |
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Definition
| five or more symptoms; in 2 week period, change in previous functioning; must have depressed mood or loss of interest/pleasure |
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Term
|
Definition
| two years or more of depression plus secondary essential symptoms; no mania chronic, long lasting, dystonic, more prevalent in women; seen in early age, suicide is less prevalent |
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|
Term
| Criterion A 1 Major Depressive Episode |
|
Definition
| depressed mood most of the day, subjectively or observed, in children or adolescents can be irritable mood |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| yes because you are not saying why all the stuff has happended |
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Term
|
Definition
melancholic-most severe form no emotion
atypical-weight gain, hypersomnia, interpersonal sensitivity
seasonal-happens in alaska places with no sunlight |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| yes because you are not saying why all the stuff has happended |
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Term
| Axis II-Personality Disorders/Intellectually Disabled |
|
Definition
| syntonic, personality disorders, mental retardation, paraniod, schizoid, schizotypal, antisocial, borderlin, histronic, obsessive, compulsive, mental retardation; no diagnosis on when PT is suffering from Axis I |
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Term
| Axis III-General Medical Condition |
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Definition
| can be related to Axis I; |
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Term
| Axis IV-Psychosocial and environmental problems |
|
Definition
| negative life events; environmental difficulty, even positive life stressors |
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|
Term
| Axis V Global Assessment of Functioning |
|
Definition
| always go with lowest score; symptoms and functioning |
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|
Term
| Criterion A 2 Major Depressive Disorder |
|
Definition
| markedly diminished interest or pleasure;nearly every day |
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|
Term
| Criterion A 3 Major Depressive Disorder |
|
Definition
| significant weight loss when not dieting, decrease or increase in appetite daily; in children and adolecent consider failure to make weight gains |
|
|
Term
| Criterion A 4 Major Depressive Disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Criterion A 5 Major Depressive Disorder |
|
Definition
| psychomotor agitation or lack of movement |
|
|
Term
| Criterion A 6 Major Depressive Disorder |
|
Definition
| fatigue or loss of energy everyday |
|
|
Term
| Criterion A 7 Major Depressive Disorder |
|
Definition
| feelings of worthlessness or inappropriate guilt |
|
|
Term
| Criterion A 8 Major Depressive Disorder |
|
Definition
| diminished ability to think or concentrate, indecisiveness |
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|
Term
| Criterion A 9 Major Depressive Disorder |
|
Definition
| recurrent thoughts of death, suicide, |
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Term
|
Definition
• Normal affect- full range and depth of internal feeling states
• Flat affect- little if any change in the quality and quantity of affect with different topics of conversation.
• Blunted affect- severely reduced level of affect
• Restricted affect- noticeably below normal
• Labile affect- characterized by rapid changes in emotion unrelated to external events or stimuli. |
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