Term
| probability of some strange thing happening is ____ but one is ____ |
|
Definition
| high but one in particular is low |
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|
Term
| in the case Rover vs. Simmons 2005 |
|
Definition
| they prohibited executing children based on Warr's book |
|
|
Term
| in mensrea you have to act ____ & _____. Mensrea is a |
|
Definition
| purposely & knowingly. Mensrea is a state of mind. |
|
|
Term
| is mensrea an old idea or a new idea? |
|
Definition
| very recent in western history |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 exceptions to mensrea where the act is still a crime? |
|
Definition
| transfer of intent, negligence, harm is greater than anticipated, and felony murder laws |
|
|
Term
| what 3 things do you need in order for an act to be a crime? |
|
Definition
1. usually mensrea
2. actus reus
3. public wrong or injury |
|
|
Term
latin phrase that means guilty
must have an action & intention or omission of act where there is legal duty to act |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in torts there are 3 main differences, |
|
Definition
private wrong or injury
involves 2 parties (person v person instead of person v state)
all you can lose is money |
|
|
Term
| standard of proof in a tort |
|
Definition
| preponderance of evidence, only 51% EASY! |
|
|
Term
| most dangerous spots on UT campus |
|
Definition
| parking lots near I-35 and the drag |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a circumstance or condition that turns what would have been a crime into a legal act is a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. self defense
2. insanity
3. mistake of fact
4. necessity
5. accident
6. ignorance of the law |
|
|
Term
| 4 rules of self defense in MOST states |
|
Definition
1. force used must be proportional to threat
2. cannot use lethal force to protect property
3. must believe life is in imminent danger to use lethal force
4. must attempt to flee before using lethal force |
|
|
Term
| in a hostage situation first thing to do is |
|
Definition
| put hands up. then get on floor |
|
|
Term
| police have ____ to react in a hostage situation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there is no crime without law |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. mensrea
2. actus reus
3. public wrong or injury
4. act without defense
5. nullum crimen sine lege |
|
|
Term
| we operate under _______ law which covers England, British Colonies and US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. study of law making
2. study of law breaking
3. reactions to crime/ law- breaking |
|
|
Term
| study of distribution of criminal behavior in time and space and in a human population |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cause of crime is also known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2 types of reactions of crime |
|
Definition
1. legal reactions
2. social reactions * these create fear of crime |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
number of crimes / population
this is how you determine risk |
|
|
Term
-most widely used crime data we have
-tells us OKP and clearance rate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| national rate of homicide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
difference between OKP and true number of crime
Self report data allowed us to learn hot big it is |
|
|
Term
| the major way of data report in 1960s |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| UCR gives us accurate incidence #s on these two crimes only: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most crime is committed by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| confidentiality, validity & ethical questions come up in ____ type of data |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SR gives us accurate info on ___ & ___ |
|
Definition
| prevalence & reliable characteristics |
|
|
Term
| major way of reporting in the 1970s |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cons of Victimization data |
|
Definition
| hard to measure homicide, doesn't give us prevalence, really expensive |
|
|
Term
| _____ type of data reporting gave us a new field of criminology called ____ |
|
Definition
| victimization data gave us victimology |
|
|
Term
| most crimes in the US are ____ crimes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 5 types of violent crime according to FBI? |
|
Definition
homicide, forcible rape, arson, robbery, aggravated assault
5% of OKP |
|
|
Term
| most homicide data comes from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 99.9% of people who disappear are ____ and they usually |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| almost everyone will die of |
|
Definition
heart disease or cancer
men - heart attack
women - stroke |
|
|
Term
| to determine time of death, check |
|
Definition
| core body temp of liver or up the rectum |
|
|
Term
| 2/3 of all homicides are committed with a ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the _____ stops most bullets from hitting the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __________ is most feared crime in US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what percent of African Americans live in inner cities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many people live in gated communities in present day? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| homicide is an overwhelmingly ____ crim |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most common form of family homicide is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| women are most likely to kill men in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| men are most likely to kill women in the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most dangerous room in the house is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a black male's lifetime chances are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| most people won't back down in a homicide situation because of |
|
Definition
| saving face in front of others |
|
|
Term
| most arguments that lead to homicide are over |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what percent of homicides are victim precipitated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the #1 drug that turns people into killers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what crime is the most periodic of all crimes? |
|
Definition
| homicide on a saturday night from 11pm-2am in august |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mass murders means killing ___ or more people at once |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| aggravated assault defintion |
|
Definition
| an unlawful attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury |
|
|
Term
| aggrevated assault turns into attempted murder based on |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what determines if someone dies? |
|
Definition
| mensrea, availability of close medical attention and the nature of the wound |
|
|
Term
| 3 types of assault without touching |
|
Definition
| verbal assault, spitting on someone (on a cop is a felony) and poison |
|
|
Term
| statutory rape is most commonly |
|
Definition
| consensual but minor is not in state of mind to give consent to the acts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| completion ratio of rape _____ with age |
|
Definition
| increases due to strength |
|
|
Term
| your risk of rape is related to your |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the most difficult issue to establish in court is |
|
Definition
| if there was consent or not |
|
|
Term
| in rape, there must be use or threat of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tendency to judge the frequency of an event by the ease with which they're recalled or imagined |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| victimizations and incidences |
|
|
Term
| Self Report is used to study |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| law that revolutionized rape |
|
Definition
| 1974 Michigan Criminal Sexual Assault Law |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| old US history of rape required |
|
Definition
proof of resistance
corroboration
allowed to unveil entire sexual history |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will |
|
|
Term
| ____ is the only crime reported even if other index crimes have occurred |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ style is order maintenance function rather than enforcement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ style handle commonplace situations as if they were matters of law enforcement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ style demands police to take seriously all requests for law and order |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| for crimes involving households, incidence and victimizations are the same because |
|
Definition
| the house is considered the victim |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| National Incident Based Reporting System |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___________ is the most comprehensive SR study to date |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| number of behaviors that occur in a reference period |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| number of persons reporting one or more behaviors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ is easy to establish. ____ is not |
|
Definition
| convergence is easy, validity is not |
|
|
Term
| _______ studies report far more crime than ___ & ___ BUT they are NOT comparable across areas |
|
Definition
| SR studies report more than UCR and NCVS |
|
|
Term
| since violent acts are so rare you're more likely to read about them, you can't focus on the victim... focus on the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a citizens' sense of personal safety |
|
|
Term
| most damaging effect of violent crime |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| novelty, darkness, bystanders & groups |
|
|
Term
| where age differences do exist, fear is strongest among |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| unlike personal fear, altruistic fear |
|
Definition
| declines across the life course |
|
|
Term
| _________ are more rare than homicides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| crime brings citizens ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ___ kill more people than ALL violent crime |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| single most common reaction to fear in US is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ________ women are more likely to be stalked |
|
Definition
| american indian/ alaska native |
|
|
Term
| strong link between stalking & |
|
Definition
| other violence in the relationship |
|
|
Term
| average stalking case lasts |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a fellow of the American Society of Criminology in 2012 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
number of crimes / population
this is how you determine risk |
|
|
