Term
1. Cardiac Systole
2. Cardiac Diastole |
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Definition
1. ventricular contraction and ejection SBP
2. ventricular relaxation and filling DBP |
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Term
Pulse pressure
Blood pressure |
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Definition
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Term
MAP= Mean Arterial Pressure
BP= CO x Total Peripheral Resistance |
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Definition
(PP/3 ) + DBP
Cardiac Output affects SBP
TPR does DBP |
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Term
| sources of error that my affect accuracy of auscultatory readings... |
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Definition
cuff size- 80% of upper arm diameter and 40% width
arm position
observer error or bias
caffeine or nicotine in last 30mins
WHITE COAT hypertension
Pseudohypertension |
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Term
-Natriuretic Hormone
=Hyperinsulinemia
~ReninAngiotensin Aldosterone System |
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Definition
- inhibits NA and Potassium ATPase, reduces water and Na retention.. lowers BP
=increases Na retention and increases sympathetic activity thus increases blood pressure.
~RAS most influential contributor to the homeostatic regulation of BP. |
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Term
| Angiotensin 2 has effects on |
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Definition
adrenal cortex- increase aldosterone synthesis
kidneys and intestine- Na and water reabsorption.
CNS- vasopressin-increase blood volume
PNS- Sympathetic discharge- increase TPR
Vascular Smooth Muscle- Vasoconstriction
Heart- Increase contractility- increase CO |
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Term
| major cardiovascular risk factors for HTN |
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Definition
cigarette smoking
obesity
physical inactivity
dyslipidemia
diabetes mellitus
microalbuminuria
over age of 55 (men) 65(woman)
family history |
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Term
HTN can cause effects on
Heart
Brain
Kidney
Peripheral Blood vessels
EYE |
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Definition
Heart- left ventricular hypertrophy, angina, CHF, LVD
Brain- stroke or transient ischemic attack
Kidney: Chronic Kidney Disease
Peripheral Blood vessels: Peripheral Arterial Disease
Eye- Retinopathy. |
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Term
| name the medications that can cause Secondary HTN |
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Definition
estrogen/oral contraceptives
Adrenal Steroids
Amphetamines
Oral Decongestants
NSAIDS
MAO inhibitors
Venlafaxine
Erythropoietin
Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus
Ethanol
Dietary supplements |
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Term
the general BP goal is <140/90
the Diabetes Mellitus goal is-
the Chronic Renal insufficiency (crcl <60 ml/min OR albuminuria) is <140/90
elder- |
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Definition
DM- <140/80
elder- age>80 reduce SBP to between 150 and 140 |
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Term
| What are some NON PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY for HTN |
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Definition
weight reduction, salt restriction (no more than 2-2.3g
Smoking- STOP
Alcohol restriction
Exercise- aerobic exercise 30-45min a day
DASH DIET-
DARK CHOCOLATE! |
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Term
normal
pre
stage1
stage 2
htn is defined as what bp |
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Definition
normal- 120/80
pre: 130-139/80-89
Stage 1: 140-159/90-99
Stage 2: >169/>100 |
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Term
| algorithm for treatment of HTN |
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Definition
pre HTN- begin or continue lifestyle modification.
Stage 1 uncomplicated - lifestyle modifications for 6months OR start pharmacologic Tx and lifestyle modifications.
Stage 1 complicated or with risk factors- start with bother lifestyle modification sna pharmacological therapy.
Stage 2- start or continue lifestyle modification and pharmacological therapy. |
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Term
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Definition
patients should retuen for follow up and adjustment of medication until the BP goal is reached in 2-4 weeks
more frequent for stage 2 htn or complicated.
chem 7 taken 1-2 times a year
after bp is stable follow up 3-6 month intervals |
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Term
hydrochlorothiazide-
Chlorthalidone
Indapmide-
Metolazone |
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Definition
Microzide- 12.5-50mg
Hygroton- 6.25-25mg 1.5-2time more potent than HTCZ
LoZol- 1.25-2.5mg
Zaroxolyn- 2.5-10mg |
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