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drugs
pnt
15
Pharmacology
Graduate
10/22/2013

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Cards

Term
1. Cardiac Systole
2. Cardiac Diastole
Definition
1. ventricular contraction and ejection SBP
2. ventricular relaxation and filling DBP
Term
Pulse pressure

Blood pressure
Definition
SBP- DBP

SBP/DBP
Term
MAP= Mean Arterial Pressure
BP= CO x Total Peripheral Resistance
Definition
(PP/3 ) + DBP

Cardiac Output affects SBP
TPR does DBP
Term
sources of error that my affect accuracy of auscultatory readings...
Definition
cuff size- 80% of upper arm diameter and 40% width
arm position
observer error or bias
caffeine or nicotine in last 30mins
WHITE COAT hypertension
Pseudohypertension
Term
-Natriuretic Hormone
=Hyperinsulinemia
~ReninAngiotensin Aldosterone System
Definition
- inhibits NA and Potassium ATPase, reduces water and Na retention.. lowers BP
=increases Na retention and increases sympathetic activity thus increases blood pressure.
~RAS most influential contributor to the homeostatic regulation of BP.
Term
Angiotensin 2 has effects on
Definition
adrenal cortex- increase aldosterone synthesis
kidneys and intestine- Na and water reabsorption.
CNS- vasopressin-increase blood volume
PNS- Sympathetic discharge- increase TPR
Vascular Smooth Muscle- Vasoconstriction
Heart- Increase contractility- increase CO
Term
major cardiovascular risk factors for HTN
Definition
cigarette smoking
obesity
physical inactivity
dyslipidemia
diabetes mellitus
microalbuminuria
over age of 55 (men) 65(woman)
family history
Term
HTN can cause effects on
Heart
Brain
Kidney
Peripheral Blood vessels
EYE
Definition
Heart- left ventricular hypertrophy, angina, CHF, LVD
Brain- stroke or transient ischemic attack
Kidney: Chronic Kidney Disease
Peripheral Blood vessels: Peripheral Arterial Disease
Eye- Retinopathy.
Term
name the medications that can cause Secondary HTN
Definition
estrogen/oral contraceptives
Adrenal Steroids
Amphetamines
Oral Decongestants
NSAIDS
MAO inhibitors
Venlafaxine
Erythropoietin
Cyclosporine and Tacrolimus
Ethanol
Dietary supplements
Term
the general BP goal is <140/90
the Diabetes Mellitus goal is-
the Chronic Renal insufficiency (crcl <60 ml/min OR albuminuria) is <140/90
elder-
Definition
DM- <140/80

elder- age>80 reduce SBP to between 150 and 140
Term
What are some NON PHARMACOLOGIC THERAPY for HTN
Definition
weight reduction, salt restriction (no more than 2-2.3g
Smoking- STOP
Alcohol restriction
Exercise- aerobic exercise 30-45min a day
DASH DIET-
DARK CHOCOLATE!
Term
normal
pre
stage1
stage 2
htn is defined as what bp
Definition
normal- 120/80
pre: 130-139/80-89
Stage 1: 140-159/90-99
Stage 2: >169/>100
Term
algorithm for treatment of HTN
Definition
pre HTN- begin or continue lifestyle modification.
Stage 1 uncomplicated - lifestyle modifications for 6months OR start pharmacologic Tx and lifestyle modifications.
Stage 1 complicated or with risk factors- start with bother lifestyle modification sna pharmacological therapy.
Stage 2- start or continue lifestyle modification and pharmacological therapy.
Term
follow up and monitoring
Definition
patients should retuen for follow up and adjustment of medication until the BP goal is reached in 2-4 weeks
more frequent for stage 2 htn or complicated.
chem 7 taken 1-2 times a year
after bp is stable follow up 3-6 month intervals
Term
hydrochlorothiazide-
Chlorthalidone
Indapmide-
Metolazone
Definition
Microzide- 12.5-50mg
Hygroton- 6.25-25mg 1.5-2time more potent than HTCZ
LoZol- 1.25-2.5mg
Zaroxolyn- 2.5-10mg
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