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Drugs/Toxins
Drugs for Fundamentals 1
23
Other
Graduate
10/15/2011

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Term
Phalloidin
Definition
mushroom toxin, binds between F-actin molecules and prevents depolymerization
Term
Tetracyclin
Definition
Blocks binding of aminoacyl-tRNA to A-site of ribosome (only prokaryotes)
Term
Streptomycin
Definition
Prevents the transition from initiation complex to elongation complex (prokaryotes only)
Term
Chloramphenicol
Definition
Blocks the peptidyl transferase reaction (prokaryotes only, 50S)
Term
Erythomycin
Definition
Blocks the translocation step (A-site to P-site)(prokaryotes only, 50S)
Term
Puromycin
Definition
Causes premature release of polypeptide chain from ribosome (Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes)
Term
Cycloheximide
Definition
Blocks the translocation step (tRNA from A-site to P-site) (Eukaryotes only)
Term
Anisomycin
Definition
Blocks the peptidyl transferase reaction (handoff of polypeptide from one tRNA to next) (Eukaryotes only)
Term
α-amanitin
Definition
inhibits mRNA synthesis by preventing RNA pol II from moving down DNA
Term
Chloroquin
Definition
Treatment for malaria. Destroys malaria lysosomes.
Term
Cytochalasin
Definition
Inhibits polymerization of actin filaments. Disruption of cell morphology
Term
Cytochalasin
Definition
Inhibits polymerization of actin filaments. Disruption of cell morphology
Term
Ultralente
Definition
Long acting human insulin. Stabilization of insulin hexomers by methylparaben
Term
Colchicine
Definition
Microtubule polymerization inhibitor. Binds to tubulin subunits. Treatment for GOUT
Term
Lispro
Definition
fast acting insulin. AA inversion at carboxy-terminus prevents dimer formation
Term
Vinblastine
Definition
Anti-microtubule drug. Prevents spindle formation during mitosis.
Term
Aminoglycosides
Definition
Anti-bacterial class. Inhibit protein synthesis by attacking ribosomes
Term
Gleevec
Definition
Treatment for Chronic Myeoloid Leukemia. Prevents the phosphorylation of Bcr-Abl. Inhibits its kinase activity.
Term
Taxol
Definition
Prevents microtubule depolymerization. Anti-mitotic.
Term
Quinolones
Definition
Ex: Cipril, target bacterial topoisomerases. Arrest bacteria DNA replication
Term
Etoposide
Definition
Eukaryotic topoisomerase II inhibitor. Anti-cancer
Term
Vibrio cholerae toxins
Definition
Target Zonula Occludens protein. Zoluna occludens dissociates allowing huge amount of water through the intestinal epithelium (severe diarrhea).
Term
Losartan
Definition
Reduces TGF-B growth factor that is normally sequestered by fibrillin-1. (Implications in treatment for Marfan's)
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