Term
|
Definition
| Compulsive drug seeking behavior and drug use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a. A need for markedly increased amounts of the substance to achieve intoxication or desired effect
or
b. Markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount of the substance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a. The characteristic withdrawal syndrome for the substance
or
b. The same substance is taken to relieve or avoid withdrawal symptoms |
|
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Term
| What are the 5 catogories the DSM criteria fit into for Addiction? |
|
Definition
Tolerance
Withdrawal
Loss of Control
Preoccupation
Continued use despite adverse consequences |
|
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Term
| What are 3 factors that can impact an addiction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What factors play a role in the Host of an addiction? |
|
Definition
Heredity
Likelihood of experiencing pleasure
Drug Metabolism
Psychiatric symptoms
Prior experience/expectations
Propensity to take risks |
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Term
| What factors are associated with Environment and addiction? |
|
Definition
Social setting
Community attitudes
Availability of other reinforcers
Employment
Conditioned stimuli |
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Term
| What are 4 Pharmacological Responses to Drugs? |
|
Definition
Tolerance
Acute Tolerance
Sensitization
Cross-Tolerance |
|
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Term
| How can physical dependence be tested? |
|
Definition
| taking away drug, and see if withdrawal symptoms develope |
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Term
| What is responsible for the sense of high with marijuana? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What route of administration creates the greatest high? lowest high? Longest? |
|
Definition
| Greatest High: IV Lowest High: Oral Longest: Oral |
|
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Term
| What are the early stages of a THC high? |
|
Definition
Euphoria
Uncontrollable laughter
Time/sense alterations
Depersonalization |
|
|
Term
| What are the late stages of a THC high? |
|
Definition
Relaxation
Introspective
Dreamlike state
Difficulty thinking |
|
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Term
| What are Acute CNS effects of THC? |
|
Definition
decrease short-term memory
confusion
depersonalization
decrease balance/stability
increase hunger
Dry mouth
Sharper imagery
Decreases REM sleep |
|
|
Term
| What are Chronic Effects of THC use? |
|
Definition
Apathy
Dullness
Decreased:
-judgment
-concentration
-memory
-personal appearance and goals |
|
|
Term
| What effects does THC have on HR and BP? |
|
Definition
Acute Increase in HR and BP
Causes Blood Shoot Eyes |
|
|
Term
| How does THC affect the Immune system? |
|
Definition
Decreased T-cell proliferation
Decreased immune response |
|
|
Term
| How does THC effect the Endocrine system? |
|
Definition
Decreases:
-testosterone
-testicular weight
-spermatogenesis
-sexual behavior
-LH, FSH, PrL, GH
Increases:
-Acth |
|
|
Term
| How does THC effect the Respiratory system? |
|
Definition
Acute: bronchodilator
Chronic: bronchoconstriction |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 THC receptors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the THC receptor Ligands? Which is more abundent/potent? |
|
Definition
Anandamide - more potent
2-arachidonylglyderol - more abundent |
|
|
Term
| What is the endocannabinoids Functions? |
|
Definition
Intervene in short/long term forms of synaptic plasticity
Regulate cognitive function, emotion, reinforcement
Upregulated in response to stressor or insult |
|
|
Term
| Where are CB1 receptors found? |
|
Definition
Brain
Adipocytes
Liver
Duodenum
Muscle |
|
|
Term
| Where are CB 2 Receptors found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is metabolite of THC is still active? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary metabolite of THC that is excreted? |
|
Definition
| 11-nor-delta9-THC-9 carboxylic acid |
|
|
Term
| How does Tolerance develope with THC? |
|
Definition
Pharmacodynamic
Decreases Adenylyl cyclase activity
Decreases Receptors
Some cross tolerance to opioids/alcohol |
|
|
Term
| What are some hazards of THC use? |
|
Definition
Psychotoxicity
Carcinogenic
Teratogenic |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 forms of Medical Marijuana? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Medical Marijuana approved for? |
|
Definition
Antiemetic (cancer)
AIDS wasting syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What is a Psychotomimetic? |
|
Definition
| Mimic naturally occurring psychoses |
|
|
Term
| What is a Hallucinogenic? |
|
Definition
Mind revealing
Perceptual distortion
Introspection |
|
|
Term
| What drug comes from Claviceps pupurea? |
|
Definition
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
LSD |
|
|
Term
| What drug is a 5-HT2 partial agonist? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the physiological effects of LSD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of Psychic effects are caused by LSD? |
|
Definition
Visual hallucinations
synesthesia
time sense alteratoins
loss of boundaries
thought/memories emerge
feel if magically in control
loss of judgment |
|
|
Term
| If someone has a Bad Trip, with spiders crawling on them, what can be used to sedate them? |
|
Definition
Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates |
|
|
Term
| What are some Persistent adverse reactions of LSD? |
|
Definition
Prolonged psychotic reaction
Non-psychotic: flashbacks |
|
|
Term
| What drug comes from the peyote plant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Mescaline an agonist for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse effects of Mescaline? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug has nicknames, PCP and Angel Dust? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 mechanisms of Action does Phencyclidine have? |
|
Definition
Sigma Receptor Agonist
NMDA Receptor Antagonist
Dopamine/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor |
|
|
Term
| What Psychic effects does Phencyclidine have? |
|
Definition
Increase sensitivity to external stimuli
Mood Elevation
Perceptual distrubances
Restlessness
disorientation
detachment
anxiety
loss of proprioception |
|
|
Term
| What are the adverse effects of Phencyclidine? |
|
Definition
Flashbacks
Psychosis
Dependence
Overdose |
|
|
Term
| What symptoms can present with someone with a Phencyclidine Toxicity? |
|
Definition
Hostility towards others
Confusional periods
Coma, convulsions
Psychotic staes
Behavioral problems |
|
|
Term
| What drugs can be used to treat seizure activity from PCP overdose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some sources of Inhalants? |
|
Definition
Volatile solvents
Aerosols
Gases
Nitrites |
|
|
Term
| What are the acute effects of Inhalants? |
|
Definition
Slurred Speech
Uncoordinated movements
Euphoria
Dizziness
Lightheadedness
Hallucinations
Delusions |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of Inhalants? |
|
Definition
CNS depressant
Activate dopamine systems
Interact with ligand-gated ion channels |
|
|
Term
| What drug can cause demyelination with abuse? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug can act as a cofactor for AIDS progression? Why? |
|
Definition
Inhalants
Nitrites may reduce lyphocyte count and natural killer cell activity |
|
|
Term
| How can Inhalants cause death? |
|
Definition
Sudden sniffing death (cardiac arrhythmias)
Asphyxiation
Suffocation
Choking
Fatal Injuries |
|
|
Term
| What aspect of cigarette smoking creates the addiction? |
|
Definition
| Bolus of nicotine to the brain activates addiction |
|
|
Term
| What does a CYP2A6 variant do to nicotine metabolism? |
|
Definition
reduces nicotine metabolism
more prevalent in non-smokers |
|
|
Term
| Which type of nicotine replacement therapy is contraindicated in patients with oral lesions or extensive dental work? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nicotine replacement therapy can cause sleep disturbances and skin reaction at administration site? |
|
Definition
| Transdermal nicotine patches |
|
|
Term
| What are the Non-nicotine cessation compounds? |
|
Definition
| Buproprion Varenicline Mecamylamine |
|
|
Term
| What Non-nicotine cessation compound is contraindicated in patients with Hx of seizure disorders or Anorexia or Bulimia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drugs should not be given in combination with Buprorion? why? |
|
Definition
Beta-Blockers
Tricyclic antidepressants
SSRIs
Type 1C antiarrhythmic agents
Some antipsychotic medications
CYP2D6 metabolized |
|
|
Term
| What is the mechanism of action of Varenicline? |
|
Definition
| Partial agonist with high affinity at alpha4beta2 nicotinic cholinergic receptors Moderate affinity at 5HT-3 receptors |
|
|
Term
| Why is Varenicline a good second choice of treatment to Buproprion? |
|
Definition
| Has a different MOA, so might be useful to bupropion resistant smokers |
|
|
Term
| Which nicotine cessation drug is a non-selective antagonist at non-a7-nicotinic cholinergic receptors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nicotine cessation drug is an antihypertensive agent? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are there increased risk of side effects with Mecamylamine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the Early and Late signs of Alcohol withdrawal? |
|
Definition
Early:
Agitation, confusion, hyperactive autonomics, seizures
Late:
delirium tremens -> hyperthermia, hallucination, coma |
|
|
Term
| What does methanol oxidize to? What can this cause? |
|
Definition
Formaldehyde and Formic Acid
Severe adicosis and Retinal Damage |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Methanol intoxication? |
|
Definition
Fomepizole
Ethanol and Dialysis (Ethanol is preferred substrate from Alcohol dehydrogenase) |
|
|
Term
| What is Thiamine administered for in treatment of Alcoholism? |
|
Definition
Excessive CNS Depression
To protect against Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What Drugs are used in the treatment of Chronic Alcoholism? |
|
Definition
Naltrexone
Ondanstron
Topiramate
Disulfiram |
|
|
Term
| What drug is an opioid receptor antagonist used to decrease alcoholism relapses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a 5-HT3 antagonist that is used to decrease alcohol cravings? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What drug is used to treat chronic alcoholism and is a AMPA-R antagonist and GABA-R modulator? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Disulfiram work to treat Chronic Alcoholism? |
|
Definition
Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase antagonist
Increases Acetaldehyde -> Nausea, vomiting, headache, hypotension |
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